Use of low-cost PM monitors and a multi-wavelength aethalometer to characterize PM2.5 in the Yakama Nation reservation
Use of low-cost PM monitors and a multi-wavelength aethalometer to characterize PM2.5 in the Yakama Nation reservation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117292
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Karr, Catherine J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stampfer, Orly;Austin, Elena;Karr, Catherine J.
农村较低的亚基马谷，华盛顿是家庭的保留联盟部落和乐队的亚卡马国家，是一个主要的农业区。间歇性的空气质量差影响了这一地区，反映了直径小于2.5 μ m（PM2.5）的颗粒物的来源，包括住宅木材烟雾，农业生物质燃烧和其他排放，卡车交通，后院燃烧和野火烟雾。华盛顿大学与Yakama国家环境管理计划合作，使用低成本光学颗粒计数器和5波长风速计（MA 200 Aethlabs）组合的9个月数据，调查PM2.5的特征，包括4个季节和夏季野火烟雾。PM2.5 >12 μ g/m3的采样时间百分比最大的发生在野火烟雾事件期间（59%），其次是秋季（23%），然后是冬季（21%）。Delta-C的平均值（SD）（μ g/m3），其被假定为木材烟雾的指示剂，并被确定为在375-880 nm处的质量吸光度差，为：夏季野火烟雾0.34（0.52）、冬季0.27（0.32）、秋季0.10（0.22）、春季0.05（0.11）和夏季-无野火烟雾0.04（0.14）。平均（95%置信区间）值的吸收埃指数，气溶胶的波长依赖性的指标，是：冬季1.5（1.2-1.8），夏季-野火烟雾1.4（1.0-1.8），秋季1.3（1.1-1.4），春季1.2（1.1-1.4），和夏季-没有野火烟雾1.2（1.0-1.3）。Delta-C和吸收Angstr_om指数的趋势与预期一致，即较高的值反映了更多的生物质燃烧。这些结果表明，生物质燃烧是一个重要的贡献者PM2.5在冬季，与柴油和烟尘的排放量是重要的贡献者在秋季，但是，各种排放源和燃烧条件存在于该地区可能会限制的实用程序的传统解释的athalometer数据。进一步研究复杂排放区域的大气温度计数据的解释，将有助于对受农业和住宅燃烧源空气污染影响的社区进行急需的了解。
Rural lower Yakima Valley, Washington is home to the reservation of the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, and is a major agricultural region. Episodic poor air quality impacts this area, reflecting sources of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) that include residential wood smoke, agricultural biomass burning and other emissions, truck traffic, backyard burning, and wildfire smoke. University of Washington partnered with the Yakama Nation Environmental Management Program to investigate characteristics of PM2.5 using 9 months of data from a combination of low-cost optical particle counters and a 5-wavelength aethalometer (MA200 Aethlabs) over 4 seasons and an episode of summer wildfire smoke. The greatest percentage of hours sampled with PM2.5 >12 mu g/m(3) occurred during the wildfire smoke episode (59%), followed by fall (23%) and then winter (21%). Mean (SD) values of Delta-C (mu g/m(3)), which has been posited as an indicator of wood smoke, and determined as the mass absorbance difference at 375-880 nm, were: summer wildfire smoke 0.34 (0.52), winter 0.27 (0.32), fall 0.10 (0.22), spring 0.05 (0.11), and summer - no wildfire smoke 0.04 (0.14). Mean (95% confidence interval) values of the absorption Angstrom exponent, an indicator of the wavelength dependence of the aerosol, were: winter 1.5 (1.2-1.8), summer - wildfire smoke 1.4 (1.0-1.8), fall 1.3 (1.1-1.4), spring 1.2 (1.1-1.4), and summer - no wildfire smoke 1.2 (1.0-1.3). The trends in Delta-C and absorption Angstr_om exponents are consistent with expectations that a higher value reflects more biomass burning. These results suggest that biomass burning is an important contributor to PM2.5 in the wintertime, and emissions associated with diesel and soot are important contributors in the fall; however, the variety of emissions sources and combustion conditions present in this region may limit the utility of traditional interpretations of aethalometer data. Further research on the interpretation of aethalometer data in regions with complex emissions would contribute to much-needed understanding in communities impacted by air pollution from agricultural as well as residential sources of combustion.