Low levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines -: Do they affect human brain functions?
Low levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines -: Do they affect human brain functions?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0889-1591(02)00004-1
复制
发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Yirmiya, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pollmächer, T;Haack, M;Yirmiya, R
动物研究为炎性细胞因子在全身感染和炎症期间诱发疾病行为中的关键作用提供了一致的证据。由于人类抑郁症与疾病行为有相当大的症状重叠，因此推测细胞因子也与情感障碍有关。这一观点得到了研究的支持，这些研究表明，炎症细胞因子的治疗性给药可以诱发典型的重度抑郁症，并且有证据表明，在实验性内毒素血症期间刺激细胞因子释放会引起情绪和记忆的短暂恶化。然而，在这些条件下，与急性感染的动物模型类似，外周产生的大量细胞因子作用于大脑。相比之下，在大多数抑郁症可能涉及细胞因子作用的临床情况下，例如慢性感染和炎症，只有少量的细胞因子在循环。本文解决了循环细胞因子是否以及如何少量作用于人脑的问题。有证据表明，即使在基线条件下，极少量的循环细胞因子也可能影响大脑功能。低水平的细胞因子也可能与高水平的细胞因子影响相同的大脑功能。然而，尚不确定这些影响是否朝同一方向发展。例如，细胞因子水平的轻微增加会促进非快速眼动睡眠，但细胞因子水平的显着增加会抑制非快速眼动睡眠。由于没有关于情绪和其他大脑功能的可比较数据，因此细胞因子循环量是否以及低循环量影响情绪的问题的答案取决于进一步的实验研究。 (C) 2002 年爱思唯尔科学（美国）。版权所有。
Animal studies provide consistent evidence for the pivotal role of inflammatory cytokines in inducing sickness behavior during systemic infection and inflammation. Because depression in humans shows a considerable symptomatic overlap with sickness behavior, it has been hypothesized that cytokines are also involved in affective disorders. This view is supported by studies showing that therapeutic administration of inflammatory cytokines can induce typical major depression and by evidence that stimulated cytokine-release during experimental endotoxemia provokes transient deterioration in mood and memory. However, in these conditions, similar to the animal models of acute infections, huge amounts of cytokines produced in the periphery act on the brain. In contrast, during most clinical conditions where depression might involve cytokine actions, such as chronic infection and inflammation, only low amounts of cytokines are circulating. The present paper addresses the question whether and how low amounts of circulating cytokines act on the human brain. Evidence is presented that very low amounts of circulating cytokines are likely to influence brain functions, even under baseline conditions. It is also likely that low levels of cytokines affect the same brain function as high levels do. However, it is uncertain whether these effects go in the same direction. NonREM sleep, for example, is promoted by a slight increase in cytokine levels, but suppressed by prominent increases. Because no comparable data are available for mood and other brain functions, the answer to the question whether and how low circulating amounts of cytokines affect mood depends on further experimental studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.