Plant biomes demonstrate that landscape resilience today is the lowest it has been since end‐Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions
Plant biomes demonstrate that landscape resilience today is the lowest it has been since end‐Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions
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植物生物群落表明，今天的景观恢复力是自更新世末巨型动物灭绝以来的最低水平
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15299
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
McGuire, Jenny L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Yue;Shipley, Benjamin R.;Lauer, Daniel A.;Pineau, Rozenn M.;McGuire, Jenny L.
具有复原力的景观有助于在气候和环境变化期间维持陆地生物多样性。鉴于当今气候和土地利用的快速变化，确定景观转变的节奏和模式以及景观恢复力的驱动因素对于维持自然系统和保护生物多样性至关重要。然而，在短时间内很难识别有弹性的景观，因为扰动难以量化，而且生态系统转变很少见。在这里，我们分析了 20,000 年来北美景观恢复力的两个组成部分：停留时间和恢复时间。为了评估景观动态，我们使用化石花粉记录中保存的植物生物群落来检查生物群落类型在给定地点持续的时间（停留时间）以及该地点的生物群落在过渡后重新建立需要多长时间（恢复时间）。生物群落的平均停留时间仅为 230-460 年。只有 64% 的生物群落恢复其原始生物群落类型，但恢复时间为 140-290 年。每 500 年温度变化速度超过 0.5°C 会导致停留时间大大缩短。转变后，生物多样性生物群落重建得更快。景观恢复力随时间而变化。值得注意的是，短的停留时间和长的恢复时间直接发生在更新世末巨型动物灭绝之前，导致区域不稳定，并与更近期的人类影响相结合，给巨型动物物种带来了一击两拳。我们的研究表明，今天的景观再次表现出低复原力，预示着潜在的灭绝即将到来。保护战略的重点是通过增加当地的连通性和瞄准具有高度丰富性和多样化地貌的区域来改善景观和生态系统的恢复力，可以减轻这些灭绝风险。
Resilient landscapes have helped maintain terrestrial biodiversity during periods of climatic and environmental change. Identifying the tempo and mode of landscape transitions and the drivers of landscape resilience is critical to maintaining natural systems and preserving biodiversity given today's rapid climate and land use changes. However, resilient landscapes are difficult to recognize on short time scales, as perturbations are challenging to quantify and ecosystem transitions are rare. Here we analyze two components of North American landscape resilience over 20,000 years: residence time and recovery time. To evaluate landscape dynamics, we use plant biomes, preserved in the fossil pollen record, to examine how long a biome type persists at a given site (residence time) and how long it takes for the biome at that site to reestablish following a transition (recovery time). Biomes have a median residence time of only 230–460 years. Only 64% of biomes recover their original biome type, but recovery time is 140–290 years. Temperatures changing faster than 0.5°C per 500 years result in much reduced residence times. Following a transition, biodiverse biomes reestablish more quickly. Landscape resilience varies through time. Notably, short residence times and long recovery times directly preceded the end‐Pleistocene megafauna extinction, resulting in regional destabilization, and combining with more proximal human impacts to deliver a one‐two punch to megafauna species. Our work indicates that landscapes today are once again exhibiting low resilience, foreboding potential extinctions to come. Conservation strategies focused on improving both landscape and ecosystem resilience by increasing local connectivity and targeting regions with high richness and diverse landforms can mitigate these extinction risks.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1604903113
发表时间：
2016-08-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Graham, Russell W.;Belmecheri, Soumaya;Wooller, Matthew J.
通讯作者：
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