Metabolic asymmetry and the global diversity of marine predators
Metabolic asymmetry and the global diversity of marine predators
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aat4220
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发表时间：
2019-01-25
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Brown, James H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grady, John M.;Maitner, Brian S.;Brown, James H.
海洋哺乳动物和鸟类的物种丰富度最高的是在寒冷的温带海洋-一个明显的例外，一般纬度梯度的多样性减少，从热带到两极。我们为998种鲨鱼、鱼类、爬行动物、哺乳动物和鸟类编制了一个全面的数据集，以识别和量化多样性的逆纬度梯度，并推导出一个理论来解释这些模式。我们发现，海洋捕食者的丰富度、系统发育多样性和丰度随着体温调节策略和水温的变化而系统性地变化，反映了内温动物和外温动物之间的代谢差异，这些差异驱动了营养和竞争相互作用。觅食的空间格局支持理论预测，总猎物的哺乳动物消费量增加了80倍，从赤道到两极后，控制生产力。
Species richness of marine mammals and birds is highest in cold, temperate seas-a conspicuous exception to the general latitudinal gradient of decreasing diversity from the tropics to the poles. We compiled a comprehensive dataset for 998 species of sharks, fish, reptiles, mammals, and birds to identify and quantify inverse latitudinal gradients in diversity, and derived a theory to explain these patterns. We found that richness, phylogenetic diversity, and abundance of marine predators diverge systematically with thermoregulatory strategy and water temperature, reflecting metabolic differences between endotherms and ectotherms that drive trophic and competitive interactions. Spatial patterns of foraging support theoretical predictions, with total prey consumption by mammals increasing by a factor of 80 from the equator to the poles after controlling for productivity.