Hidden climate change - urban meteorology and the scales of real weather
Hidden climate change - urban meteorology and the scales of real weather
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隐藏的气候变化——城市气象学和真实天气的尺度
DOI：
10.1007/s10584-012-0429-1
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Jankovic V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jankovic V
本文讨论了人类活动在城市环境中体验和改变天气的规模。建成区的气候在许多方面与非城市气候不同：风流、辐射、湿度、降水和空气质量都会因人类居住而发生变化，使每个城市成为其区域天气系统中的一个奇点。然而，这种普遍存在的人为气候变化往往是隐藏的且难以辨别。本文首先描述了自十九世纪初以来城市热岛的发现顺序，以及致力于城市气候学的科学领域的出现和巩固。接下来讨论了将气候因素知识应用于聚落设计和管理的各种尝试。我们发现城市气候学在现实世界中的应用取得了有限的成功。然而，结论表明，全球气候变化为城市规模的气候科学提供了新的可见性和实际意义。
This paper discusses the scale at which the weather is experienced and modified by human activities in urban environment. The climates of built-up areas differ from their non-urban counterparts in many aspect: wind-flows, radiation, humidity, precipitation and air quality all change in the presence of human settlement, transforming each city into a singularity within its regional weather system. Yet this pervasive category of anthropogenic climate change has always tended to be hidden and difficult to discern. The paper first describes the sequence of discovery of the urban heat island since the early nineteenth century, and the emergence and consolidation of a scientific field devoted to the climatology of cities. This is followed by a discussion of various attempts to apply knowledge of climatic factors to the design and management of settlement. We find that real-world application of urban climatology has met with limited success. However, the conclusion suggests that global climate change gives a new visibility and practical relevance to urban-scale climate science.