Anatomy of a Stalled Revolution: Processes of Reproduction and Change in Russian Women’s Gender Ideologies
Anatomy of a Stalled Revolution: Processes of Reproduction and Change in Russian Women’s Gender Ideologies
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剖析停滞的革命：俄罗斯妇女性别意识形态的再生产和变化过程
DOI：
10.1177/0891243218776309
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
O. Isupova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Ashwin;O. Isupova
众所周知，俄罗斯的性别革命在没有家庭平等的情况下，赋予了女性经济权力。尽管苏联政府极大地扩大了妇女就业，但这对家务劳动中明显不平等的性别分工几乎没有影响。这种“拖延”很常见，但在俄罗斯，其程度和持久性令人困惑，要求我们调查宏观层面因素与微观层面的相互作用之间的联系，这些因素与家务劳动的性别分工有关。我们通过关注性别意识形态来做到这一点，性别意识形态是解释家务劳动的性别分工的一个重要变量，它连接了性别秩序的宏观层面和微观互动层面。我们使用纵向定性数据来检验1999年至2010年间俄罗斯年轻女性性别意识形态的连续性和变化。基于对来自23名受访者的115次深度访谈的分析，我们确定了传统和平等主义的轨迹及其背后的过程，显示了男性养家糊口模式和女性独立意识形态如何支持传统主义，而非传统养家糊口和男性的互动支持如何促进平等主义。我们的分析使我们能够解释苏联的性别悖论，并区分后苏联时代变化的来源。我们的理论贡献是将性别意识形态置于一个多层次的框架中，我们在实证分析中证明了其有效性。
Russia’s gender revolution notoriously produced women’s economic empowerment without domestic equality. Although the Soviet state vastly expanded women’s employment, this had little impact on a starkly unequal gender division of domestic labor. Such “stalling” is common, but in Russia its extent and persistence presents a puzzle, requiring us to investigate linkages between macro-level factors and micro-level interactions regarding the gender division of domestic labor. We do this by focusing on gender ideology, an important variable explaining the gender division of domestic labor that bridges the macro level of the gender order and the micro-interactional level. We use longitudinal qualitative data to examine continuity and change in young Russian women’s gender ideologies between 1999 and 2010. Based on an analysis of 115 in-depth interviews from 23 respondents, we identify traditional and egalitarian trajectories and the processes underlying them, showing how the male breadwinner schema and an ideology of women’s independence support traditionalism, while non-traditional breadwinning and interactional support from men facilitate egalitarianism. Our analysis enables us to explain the Soviet gender paradox and distinguish sources of change in the post-Soviet era. Our theoretical contribution is to situate gender ideology in a multilevel framework, the efficacy of which we demonstrate in our empirical analysis.