Tacit networks, crucial care: Informal networks and disaster response in Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake
Tacit networks, crucial care: Informal networks and disaster response in Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake
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DOI：
10.1177/0042098018810606
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
To, Long Seng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrero, Rocio;Acuto, Michele;To, Long Seng
人们经常重申，更好地了解当地网络和需求是减少风险的关键。然而，非正式社交网络和行为体在灾害情况下满足人的需求方面的关键作用在很大程度上仍未得到充分探讨。如果我们必须重新思考非正规性为我们理解城市地区所做的“工作”，其对恢复力的贡献，并在城市和城市周边中心的“全方位风险”中认真对待它，那么就需要更好和更平衡的方法。本文就是针对这一差距而提出的。它审查了2015年尼泊尔廓尔喀地震后的援助提供机制，详细介绍了一套实验性的定量研究方法，以探索非正式社交网络在自然灾害中提供关键人类需求方面的作用。依靠样本的160个家庭在四个地区和16个村庄的建成环境受廓尔喀地震影响，本文揭示，总体而言，存在着很大的差距，在提供援助和资源的组织的相对重要性。许多重要的灾后护理是由亲戚、寺庙、朋友、邻居和当地俱乐部提供的。它强调了非正式网络在理解和理论化治理（灾害和更一般的“城市”治理）方面的重要性，并呼吁更多地关注其作用。报告认为，现在是重新评价非正式灾害治理网络作为灾害应对的一个关键而非隐性组成部分的时候了。
It is often reiterated that a better understanding of local networks and needs is key to risk reduction. Nevertheless, the crucial role of informal social networks and actors in the catering for human needs in disaster circumstances remains largely under-explored. If we have to rethink the 'work' that informality does for our understanding of urban areas, its contribution to resilience, and take it seriously in the 'full spectrum of risk' in urban and peri-urban centres, better and more balanced methods are needed. This paper attends to this gap. Examining the mechanisms of aid provision in the aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal, it details an experimental set of quantitative research methods to explore the role of informal social networks in the provision of critical human needs in natural disasters. Relying on a sample of 160 households across four districts and 16 villages in the built environment affected by the Gorkha earthquake, the paper reveals that, overall, a wide disparity exists in the comparative importance of organisations in the provision of aid and resources. Much crucial after-disaster care is catered for by a mix of relatives, temples, friends, neighbours and local clubs. It highlights the importance of informal networks in understanding, and theorising, governance (of disaster and of the 'urban' more in general), and calls for greater attention to its role. It is time, it argues, to revalue informal disaster governance networks as a crucial, not tacit, component of disaster response.