A review of gold production, mercury consumption, and emission in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM)
A review of gold production, mercury consumption, and emission in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM)
复制标题
手工和小规模采金 (ASGM) 中的黄金生产、汞消耗和排放回顾
DOI：
10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103370
复制
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
10.2
通讯作者：
Takaoka M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng Y.;Watari T.;Seccatore J.;Nakajima K.;Nansai K.;Takaoka M.
手工和小规模采金业是汞排放的最大来源之一，对解决汞问题至关重要。由于政府和机构提供的统计数据很少且不及时，几乎没有关于手工和小规模采金业生产、汞使用和排放的准确数据。在这项研究中，我们调查了估计小规模手工开采金矿产量的不同方法，并从不同来源收集了数据，包括学术论文和技术报告。在全球范围内，手工和小规模采金业每年生产380-870吨黄金，中值为520吨。据估计，手工和小规模采金业每年的汞使用量为640- 1 000吨，中值为892吨。因此，手工和小规模采金业每年排放248-838吨汞，中间值为615吨。然而，在使用不同方法计算的数据中发现了重大差异，特别是在中国等估计数很大的国家。为了更准确地了解全球手工和小规模采金业的活动，有必要采用一种综合了对占主导地位的国家的具体研究的一般性估算方法。为了今后更好地管理小规模手工采金业，建议制定一个坚实的基线和全面的未来预测情景，并建立国际合作，以制定关于小规模手工采金业的指导意见。
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is one of the largest sources of Hg emissions and is critical for addressing the Hg problem. Due to scarce and punctual statistics provided by governments and agencies, there is almost no accurate data on ASGM production, Hg use, and emissions. In this study, we surveyed different approaches to estimate ASGM production and collected data from different sources, including academic papers and technical reports. Globally, 380–870 tonnes of gold is produced by ASGM each year, with a median value of 520 tonnes. The Hg use in the ASGM sector was estimated to be 640–1000 tonnes each year, with a median value of 892 tonnes. Consequently, 248–838 tonnes of Hg are emitted from the ASGM sector each year, with a median value of 615 tonnes. However, significant discrepancies were found in the data calculated using different approaches, particularly in countries where the estimates were large, such as China. To obtain a more accurate picture of global ASGM activities, a general estimation approach combining specific studies of dominant countries is necessary. For better management of ASGM in the future, developing a solid baseline and comprehensive future projection scenarios and establishing international collaboration to construct guidance on ASGM are recommended.