Standardization of electromagnetic–induction measurements of Sea-ice thickness in polar and Subpolar Seas
Standardization of electromagnetic–induction measurements of Sea-ice thickness in polar and Subpolar Seas
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DOI：
10.3189/172756406781811484
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发表时间：
2006-11
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
K. Tateyama;K. Shirasawa;S. Uto;T. Kawamura;T. Toyota;H. Enomoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Tateyama;K. Shirasawa;S. Uto;T. Kawamura;T. Toyota;H. Enomoto
摘要由于海冰和海水的电导率有很大的差异，电磁感应（EM）仪器可以用来估算海冰厚度，目前已被用于海冰厚度的调查。在这项研究中，我们分析了几个雪，冰和海水样品，并试图推导出一个适当的公式来转换从EM测量得到的表观电导率的雪和冰的总厚度为所有地区和季节。这样做是为了简化EM调谐程序。在楚科奇海、东南极洲、鄂霍次克海和Saroma-ko（泻湖），用仪器在冰层以上不同高度进行了表面EM测量断面。开发了基于一维多层模型的标准化转换公式，该公式还考虑了变形冰之间充满水的间隙、盐雪雪泥层以及增加仪器高度引起的足迹尺寸增加的影响。用标准化变换确定的冰厚的总体平均误差<7%，区域平均误差分别为北极2.2%、南极7.0%、鄂霍次克海6.5%和萨罗玛湖4.4%。
Abstract Electromagnetic–induction (EM) instruments can be used to estimate Sea-ice thickness because of the large contrast in the conductivities of Sea ice and Sea water, and are currently used in investigations of Sea-ice thickness. In this Study we analyze Several Snow, ice and Sea-water Samples and attempt to derive an appropriate formula to transform the apparent conductivity obtained from EM measurements to the total thickness of Snow and ice for all regions and Seasons. This was done to Simplify the EM tuning procedure. Surface EM measurement transects with the instrument at varying heights above the ice were made in the Chukchi Sea, off East Antarctica, in the Sea of Okhotsk and in Saroma-ko (lagoon). A Standardized transformation formula based on a one-dimensional multi-layer model was developed that also considers the effects of water-filled gaps between deformed ice, a Saline Snow Slush layer, and the increase in the footprint Size caused by increasing the instrument height. The overall average error in ice thickness determined with the Standardized transform was <7%, and the regional average errors were 2.2% for the Arctic, 7.0% for the Antarctic, 6.5% for the Sea of Okhotsk and 4.4% for Saroma-ko.