PIPING, A GEOMORPHIC AGENT IN LANDFORM DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRYLANDS
PIPING, A GEOMORPHIC AGENT IN LANDFORM DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRYLANDS
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管道，旱地地形发展的地貌剂
DOI：
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发表时间：
1963
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. G. Parker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. G. Parker
在某些干旱和半干旱地区，管涌是侵蚀过程中的一个主要因素，因而也是地貌形成的一个主要因素。管涌，有时也称为天然隧道，是在粉质土壤或弱固结粉砂岩、粘土岩或类似基岩中形成的内部排水管。它在地球的干旱地区相当普遍，在某些地方已经造成了严重的侵蚀问题。尽管如此，在科学文献中很少提到管涌现象，在现有的地貌学、地质学、自然地理学、土壤学教科书或科学或流行的百科全书中也没有提到这种现象。在美国，管涌最常见于西部干旱的裸露重土地区，在那里，冲沟或河沟的发展使得陡梯度地下排水的发展成为可能。然而，并非所有的管道都与冲沟有关。在纳瓦霍地区，在亚利桑那州彩绘沙漠的Chinle和Moenkopi地层的残留山丘或土丘上，管道并不罕见。这里许多山丘的顶部都是小型的喀斯特。这些山丘上的大部分降水都流入了它们，而不是从它们的侧面流下来，最终在山脚或山脚附近的排水道中通过渗漏或微小的潮湿天气的泉水排出。地下排水管道通常像地表溪流一样蜿蜒曲折，在管道地区有许多小型的天然桥梁。/作者/
In certain arid and semiarid lands, piping is a major factor in the erosion process and thus in the shaping of land forms. Piping, sometimes called natural tunneling, is the development of internal drainage tubes in silty soils or weakly consolidated siltstone, claystone, or similar bedrock. It is fairly widespread over dry areas of the earth, and in some places has created serious erosion problems. Nonetheless, piping is scarcely mentioned in scientific literature and no references to this phenomenon have been found in available textbooks on geomorphology, geology, physiography, soils, or in scientific or popular encyclopedias. In the United States piping is commonest in denuded heavy-soils areas of the dry West where gullying, or arroyo development, has made possible the development of steep-gradient subsurface drainage. However, not all piping is related to gullies. In the Navajo Country piping is not uncommon on residual hills or mounds in the Chinle and Moenkopi Formations of the Painted Desert of Arizona. Here crowns of many hills are miniature karsts. Much of the precipitation upon these hills runs into them, not down over their sides, and eventually discharges by seeps or tiny wet-weather springs in drainage courses at or near the bases of the hills. Commonly the subsurface drainage courses (pipes) show meanders just as surface streams often do, and natural bridges on a miniature scale are numerous in piped areas. /Author/