Development of the Endochondral Skeleton
Development of the Endochondral Skeleton
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a008334
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Ornitz, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Long, Fanxin;Ornitz, David M.
大部分哺乳动物的骨骼是由软骨模板通过软骨内骨化产生的骨组成的。阐明控制软骨内骨发育的机制对于理解人类骨骼疾病、损伤反应和衰老至关重要。在过去的15年里，小鼠遗传学研究提供了前所未有的关于调节软骨细胞形成、软骨细胞成熟和成骨细胞分化的分子的见解，这些都是软骨内骨发育的关键过程。这些包括分泌蛋白IHH、PTHrP、BMP、WNT和FGF、它们的受体以及转录因子如SOX 9、RUNX2和OSX在调节软骨细胞和成骨细胞生物学中的作用。本文综述了细胞外信号和转录因子在调节软骨内骨骼发育中的作用。
Much of the mammalian skeleton is composed of bones that originate from cartilage templates through endochondral ossification. Elucidating the mechanisms that control endochondral bone development is critical for understanding human skeletal diseases, injury response, and aging. Mouse genetic studies in the past 15 years have provided unprecedented insights about molecules regulating chondrocyte formation, chondrocyte maturation, and osteoblast differentiation, all key processes of endochondral bone development. These include the roles of the secreted proteins IHH, PTHrP, BMPs, WNTs, and FGFs, their receptors, and transcription factors such as SOX9, RUNX2, and OSX, in regulating chondrocyte and osteoblast biology. This review aims to integrate the known functions of extracellular signals and transcription factors that regulate development of the endochondral skeleton.