Characterization of Ammonia, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in Northeastern Colorado
Characterization of Ammonia, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in Northeastern Colorado
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b02851
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发表时间：
2016-10-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Herndon, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eilerman, Scott J.;Peischl, Jeff;Herndon, Scott
畜牧业的大气排放对空气质量和气候都很重要，但由于管理做法和牲畜类型的不同，它们之间存在很大差异，因此很难定性和量化，并且在昼夜和季节周期中变化很大。使用一个新的移动的实验室，氨（NH3），甲烷（CH 4），一氧化二氮（N2 O），和其他微量气体的排放量进行了测量，从四个集中的动物饲养业务（CAFO）在东北部科罗拉多。选择两个奶牛场、一个肉牛饲养场和一个绵羊饲养场进行重复的昼夜和季节性测量。清晰地观察到NH3与CH 4增强比率的一致昼夜模式，中午增强比率大约是夜间值的四倍。这种日变化模式是相似的，在四个CAFO和跨季节的幅度略有变化。所有季节和CAFO研究的平均NH3与CH 4增强比为0.17（+0.13/0.08）mol/mol，与全州库存平均值和以前的文献一致。还报道了NH3到N2 O和N2 O到CH 4的增强比率。增强率可用作源签名，以区分饲养场排放的其他NH3和CH 4源，如化肥的应用和化石燃料的发展，和大的昼夜变化是很重要的细化库存，模型和排放估计。
Atmospheric emissions from animal husbandry are important to both air quality and climate, but are hard to characterize and quantify as they differ significantly due to management practices and livestock type, and they can vary substantially throughout diurnal and seasonal cycles. Using a new mobile laboratory, ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and other trace gas emissions were measured from four concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in northeastern Colorado. Two dairies, a beef cattle feedlot, and a sheep feedlot were chosen for repeated diurnal and seasonal measurements. A consistent diurnal pattern in the NH3 to CH4 enhancement ratio is clearly observed, with midday enhancement ratios approximately four times greater than nighttime values. This diurnal pattern is similar, with slight variations in magnitude, at the four CAFOs and across seasons. The average NH3 to CH4 enhancement ratio from all seasons and CAFOs studied is 0.17 (+0.13/0.08) mol/mol, in agreement with statewide inventory averages and previous literature. Enhancement ratios for NH3 to N2O and N2O to CH4 are also reported. The enhancement ratios can be used as a source signature to distinguish feedlot emissions from other NH3 and CH4 sources, such as fertilizer application and fossil fuel development, and the large diurnal variability is important for refining inventories, models, and emission estimates.