Illusory motion from change over time in the response to contrast and luminance
Illusory motion from change over time in the response to contrast and luminance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1167/5.11.10
复制
发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Oruç, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Backus, BT;Oruç, I
一个惊人的运动错觉是由静态重复不对称模式（RAP）产生的，如Kitaoka（2003）的“旋转蛇”和Fraser和Wilcox（1979）的周边漂移错觉。RAP如何产生虚假的运动信号，RAP和自然静态场景之间的关键区别是什么？在固定过程中，小的不自主的眼球运动被怀疑在这些错觉中起着至关重要的作用，但在这里，我们给出了一个不依赖于固定抖动的解释。我们认为，这些错觉主要是由于神经元对对比度（“对比度驱动的RAP”）或亮度（“亮度驱动的RAP”）的表征随时间的快速和缓慢变化而产生的。我们发现，在高对比度下神经反应的时间相位提前可以解释每次注视变化后对比度驱动RAP（如“旋转蛇”）中的早期快速运动。这种解释的一个重要部分是，运动检测器无法补偿神经元编码的动力学。我们认为，静态的自然模式也会产生局部增益变化，但这些信号并不经常触发虚幻的运动，因为它们通常不对齐，以驱动全局运动检测器。电影中，真实的亮度随时间变化，以模仿所提出的神经元适应对比度和亮度，唤起定性相似的运动感知。实验数据与解释相一致。颜色和整体对比度都增强了错觉。
A striking illusion of motion is generated by static repeated asymmetric patterns (RAPs) such as Kitaoka's ( 2003) "Rotating Snakes'' and Fraser and Wilcox's ( 1979) peripheral drift illusion. How do RAPs generate spurious motion signals, and what critical difference between RAPs and natural static scenes prevents the latter from appearing to move? Small involuntary eye movements during fixation have been suspected to play a critical role in these illusions, but here we give an account that does not depend on fixation jitter. We propose that these illusions result primarily from fast and slow changes over time in the neuronal representation of contrast ("contrast-driven RAPs'') or luminance ("luminance-driven RAPs''). We show that temporal phase advance in the neural response at high contrast can account for the early, fast motion in contrast-driven RAPs ( such as "Rotating Snakes'') after each fixation change. An essential part of this explanation is that motion detectors fail to compensate for the dynamics of neuronal encoding. We argue that static natural patterns also generate local gain changes, but that these signals do not often trigger illusory motion because they are not usually aligned to drive global motion detectors. Movies in which real luminance changes over time, to mimic the proposed neuronal adaptations to contrast and luminance, evoke qualitatively similar percepts of motion. Experimental data are consistent with the explanation. Color and overall contrast both enhance the illusion.