Divergence times in the termite genus Macrotermes (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Divergence times in the termite genus Macrotermes (Isoptera: Termitidae)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.007
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发表时间：
2007-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Kaib, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brandl, R.;Hyodo, F.;Kaib, M.
真菌白蚁的进化应该是从非洲雨林开始的，它们多次入侵半干旱的栖息地，也多次入侵东方地区。我们利用线粒体Coll基因序列和贝叶斯年代测定来研究巨白蚁（Macrotermes）的进化时间框架，巨白蚁是一种重要的真菌生长白蚁属。我们发现大白蚁属由至少6个亲缘关系较远的分支组成。此外，Coll序列表明所分析的非洲巨翅目物种具有一定的隐性多样性。使用白蚁化石丘校准时钟的Coll数据计算的日期与使用Locusta和Chortippus之间的分裂作为校准点的COI序列计算的日期一致，支持了校准点的一致性。东方地区的进化枝可以追溯到第三纪早期。这些对分化时间的估计表明，大白蚁是在气候潮湿的时期入侵亚洲的。对于非洲来说，许多物种形成事件早于更新世，发生在600万到2300万年前。这些估计表明，在中新世，适应大草原的非洲进化枝随着半干旱生态系统的扩散而扩散。显然，更新世发生的事件对大白蚁属的物种形成影响不大。然而，需要进一步的研究来增加用于系统发育分析的分类群数量。(c) 2007爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The evolution of fungus-growing termites is supposed to have started in the African rain forests with multiple invasions of semi-arid habitats as well as multiple invasions of the Oriental region. We used sequences of the mitochondrial Coll gene and Bayesian dating to investigate the time frame of the evolution of Macrotermes, an important genus of fungus-growing termites. We found that the genus Macrotermes consists of at least 6 distantly related clades. Furthermore, the Coll sequences suggested some cryptic diversity within the analysed African Macrotermes species. The dates calculated with the Coll data using a fossilized termite mound to calibrate the clock were in good agreement with dates calculated with COI sequences using the split between Locusta and Chortippus as calibration point which supports the consistency of the calibration points. The clades from the Oriental region dated back to the early Tertiary. These estimates of divergence times suggested that Macrotermes invaded Asia during periods with humid climates. For Africa, many speciation events predated the Pleistocene and fall in range of 6-23 million years ago. These estimates suggest that savannah-adapted African clades radiated with the spread of the semi-arid ecosystems during the Miocene. Apparently, events during the Pleistocene were of little importance for speciation within the genus Macrotermes. However, further investigations are necessary to increase the number of taxa for phylogenetic analysis. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.