Seasonal plasticity in two satyrine butterflies: state-dependent decision making in relation to daylength
Seasonal plasticity in two satyrine butterflies: state-dependent decision making in relation to daylength
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DOI：
10.2307/3546424
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wiklund, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gotthard, K;Nylin, S;Wiklund, C
在这项研究中，我们调查了如何选择的滞育和性成熟的季节性时间的需要可塑性的生活史特征在两种蝴蝶，Lasiommata maera和Lopinga achine。我们测试的一般假设，生活在温带地区的昆虫应该有较短的发展时间，在逐渐晚的日期的生长季节，他们使用日照长度作为线索，以确定日期。这两个物种都有两个不同的幼虫生长期;第一个在秋季，第二个在春季滞育结束后。由于秋季和春季光周期变化的差异，我们预计幼虫在这两个生长期对日照长度的解释是不同的。换句话说，发育决定，在响应日长应取决于季节性状态（秋季或春季）的幼虫。在实验室实验中，我们调查了有关幼虫发育时间与日照长度的反应规范。在这两个物种的这些反应规范的斜率在秋季和春季是不同的。对L. maera a支持秋季和春季的具体预测。秋季L.但春季发育时间对日长不敏感。在所有情况下，短的发展时间与高幼虫生长率，而不是与小的最终身体大小。这些物种的生长和发育可以被描述为依赖于状态的决策过程，其中有关外部和内部环境的信息在发育的几个点上使用。
In this study we investigate how the need for seasonal timing of diapause and sexual maturation have selected for plasticity in life history traits in two butterfly species, Lasiommata maera and Lopinga achine. We test the general hypothesis that insects living in temperate areas should have shorter development times at progressively later dates of the growth season, and that they use daylength as a cue to determine the date. Both species have two different larval growth periods; the first in autumn and the second after termination of diapause in spring. Due to the difference in photoperiodic change in autumn and spring, we expected larvae to interpret daylengths qualitatively differently in the two growth periods. In other words, developmental decisions in response to daylength should depend on the seasonal state (autumn or spring) of larvae. In laboratory experiments we investigated the reaction norms relating larval development times to daylength. In both species the slopes of these reaction norms were different in autumn and in spring. The results of the experiment on L. maera a supported specific predictions both in autumn and in spring. The same was true in autumn for L. achine but development time in spring seemed to be insensitive to daylength. In all cases, short development times were associated with high larval growth rates rather than with small final body sizes. Growth and development in these species can be described as state-dependent decision processes, where information about the external and internal environment is used at several points in development.