Organic Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Hypospadias and Cryptorchidism at Birth: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Organic Food Consumption during Pregnancy and Hypospadias and Cryptorchidism at Birth: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1409518
复制
发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Haugen, Margaretha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brantsaeter, Anne Lise;Torjusen, Hanne;Haugen, Margaretha
背景：男性泌尿生殖系统异常、尿道下裂和隐睾的病因尚不清楚。有人认为，母亲的饮食和环境污染物可能通过胎盘或激素紊乱影响这些异常的风险。目的：我们研究了怀孕期间食用有机食品与出生时尿道下裂和隐睾患病率之间的关系。方法：我们的研究包括35,107名参加挪威母婴队列研究（MoBa）的妇女，她们分娩了一名单胎男婴。通过食物频率调查问卷收集了怀孕期间六组有机食品（蔬菜、水果、面包/谷物、牛奶/乳制品、鸡蛋和肉类）的使用信息。在分析中，表明自己有时、经常或大部分食用有机食品的女性被归类为有机食品消费者，至少是六种食品中的一种。尿道下裂和隐睾的诊断从挪威医学出生登记处检索。我们使用多元逻辑回归估计比值比（ORs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。结果：男性新生儿尿道下裂74例（0.2%），隐睾151例（0.4%）。在怀孕期间食用任何有机食品的妇女比从不或很少食用有机食品的妇女生下尿道下裂男孩的可能性更小（OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.70，基于21例暴露病例）。食用蔬菜（OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.85； 10例接触者）和牛奶/奶制品（OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.17, 1.07； 7例接触者）与特定有机食品的关联最强。没有观察到食用有机食品和隐睾症有实质性的联系。结论：在我们的研究人群中，怀孕期间食用有机食品与尿道下裂患病率较低有关。这些发现是基于少数病例，需要在其他研究人群中进行重复研究。
BACKGROUND: The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies hypospadias and cryptorchidism remain unclear. It has been suggested that maternal diet and environmental contaminants may affect the risk of these anomalies via placental or hormonal disturbances.OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between organic food consumption during pregnancy and prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism at birth.METHODS: Our study includes 35,107 women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) who delivered a singleton male infant. Information about use of six groups of organically produced food (vegetables, fruit, bread/cereal, milk/dairy products, eggs, and meat) during pregnancy was collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Women who indicated that they sometimes, often, or mostly consumed organic foods in at least one of the six food groups were classified as organic food consumers in analyses. Hypospadias and cryptorchidism diagnoses were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression.RESULTS: Seventy-four male newborns were diagnosed with hypospadias (0.2%), and 151 with cryptorchidism (0.4%). Women who consumed any organic food during pregnancy were less likely to give birth to a boy with hypospadias (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.70, based on 21 exposed cases) than women who reported they never or seldom consumed organic food. Associations with specific organic foods were strongest for vegetable (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.85; 10 exposed cases) and milk/dairy (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.17, 1.07; 7 exposed cases) consumption. No substantial association was observed for consumption of organic food and cryptorchidism.CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of organically produced foods during pregnancy was associated with a lower prevalence of hypospadias in our study population. These findings were based on small numbers of cases and require replication in other study populations.