How not to be seen: The contribution of similarity and selective ignoring to sustained inattentional blindness
How not to be seen: The contribution of similarity and selective ignoring to sustained inattentional blindness
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-9280.00303
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Chabris, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Most, SB;Simons, DJ;Chabris, CF
当人们注意到视觉显示中的对象或事件时，他们通常不会注意到同一显示中的附加的、意外的但完全可见的对象或事件。这种现象现在被称为无意视盲。我们提出了一种新的方法来研究动态事件的持续性不注意视盲，以探讨相似性，独特性和注意定势在意外物体检测中的作用。在实验1中，我们发现，一个意想不到的物体与其他物体在显示器中的相似性影响注意捕获。实验二探讨了被试对非预期目标的注意力是选择性忽略无关目标还是选择性关注关注目标，实验二探讨了被试对非预期目标的注意力是否存在差异，实验三探讨了被试对非预期目标的注意力是否存在差异。实验3的结果表明，单独的非预期物体的独特性不能完全解释前两个实验中发现的相似性效应;当注意到动态显示器中的黑色项目或白色项目时，近30%的观察者没有注意到明亮的红色十字在显示器上移动，即使它具有独特的颜色亮度，形状，和运动轨迹，并且可见5秒。总之，结果表明，正在进行的动态事件的无意视盲取决于两个意外的对象的相似性，在显示器和观察者的注意力设置的其他对象。
When people attend to objects or events in a visual display, they often fail to notice an additional, unexpected, but fully visible object or event in the same display. This phenomenon is now known as inattentional blindness. We present a new approach to the study of sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events in order to explore the roles of similarity, distinctiveness, and attentional set in the detection of unexpected objects. In Experiment 1, we found that the similarity of an unexpected object to other objects in the display influences attentional capture. The more similar an unexpected object is to the attended items, and the greater its difference from the ignored items, the more likely; it is that people will notice it. Experiment 2 explored whether this effect of similarity is driven by selective ignoring of irrelevant items or by selective focusing on attended items. The results of Experiment 3 suggest that the distinctiveness of the unexpected object alone cannot entirely account for the similarity effects found in the first two experiments; when attending to black items or white items in a dynamic display, nearly 30% of observers failed to notice a bright red cross move, across the display even though it had a unique color luminance, shape, and motion trajectory and was visible for 5 s. Together, the results suggest that inattentional blindness for ongoing dynamic events depends both on the similarity of the unexpected object to the other objects in the display and on the observer's attentional set.