On a possible evolutionary link of the stomochord of hemichordates to pharyngeal organs of chordates.

On a possible evolutionary link of the stomochord of hemichordates to pharyngeal organs of chordates.
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DOI:
10.1002/dvg.22831
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发表时间:
2014-12
期刊:
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gerhart J
Gerhart J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Satoh N;Tagawa K;Lowe CJ;Yu JK;Kawashima T;Takahashi H;Ogasawara M;Kirschner M;Hisata K;Su YH;Gerhart J

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作为一个与脊索动物密切相关的群体,半尾虫在解决脊索动物起源假说的系统发育中处于关键位置。橡实虫的胃弓是咽部内胚层进入喙部的前部。1886年,贝特森提出了这个器官与脊索动物脊索的同源性,并将这个动物类群命名为“半脊索动物”。尽管这个提议已经争论了一个多世纪,但这个问题仍然没有得到解决。这里我们回顾一下与这个问题有关的最新进展。首先,胃索的发育方式与脊索完全不同。其次,包括Brachyury(脊索动物脊索形成的关键调节因子)在内的基因表达谱的比较不支持胃索/脊索同源性。第三,在橡子虫幼体的口索形成区表达的FoxE,在文昌鱼的棒状腺和内壁、海鞘内壁以及脊椎动物的甲状腺中表达。基于这些发现,再加上胃索的前内胚层位置,我们提出胃索与来自前咽的脊索器官而不是脊索有进化关系。
As a group closely related to chordates, hemichordate acorn worms are in a key phylogenic position for addressing hypotheses of chordate origins. The stomochord of acorn worms is an anterior outgrowth of the pharynx endoderm into the proboscis. In 1886 Bateson proposed homology of this organ to the chordate notochord, crowning this animal group “hemichordates.” Although this proposal has been debated for over a century, the question still remains unresolved. Here we review recent progress related to this question. First, the developmental mode of the stomochord completely differs from that of the notochord. Second, comparison of expression profiles of genes including Brachyury, a key regulator of notochord formation in chordates, does not support the stomochord/notochord homology. Third, FoxE that is expressed in the stomochord-forming region in acorn worm juveniles is expressed in the club-shaped gland and in the endostyle of amphioxus, in the endostyle of ascidians, and in the thyroid gland of vertebrates. Based on these findings, together with the anterior endodermal location of the stomochord, we propose that the stomochord has evolutionary relatedness to chordate organs deriving from the anterior pharynx rather than to the notochord.
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