SPINE DEFICIENCY AND POLYMORPHISM IN A POPULATION OF GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS - AN ADAPTATION TO PREDATORS
SPINE DEFICIENCY AND POLYMORPHISM IN A POPULATION OF GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS - AN ADAPTATION TO PREDATORS
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DOI：
10.1139/z80-173
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
REIMCHEN, TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
REIMCHEN, TE
来自夏洛特皇后群岛麝香湖的棘棘螈种群表现出脊柱多态性，其中 80% 缺乏第二背棘，68% 缺乏骨盆棘。雌性在刺数较多的表型中更为常见，而雄性在刺数较少的表型中更为常见。具有骨盆棘的成年雌性和两性幼体在湖沼栖息地中更为常见；没有骨盆棘的成年雄性和青少年在沿海地区很常见。食鱼鸟类 (5) 种，数量较少，在湖中觅食。 Gavia immer 以及其次是 Podiceps spp. 在湖沼区域进行广泛的捕食。 [P。 grisegena 和 P. auritus]，被认为是有利于更大刺表型的选择压力。 [其他鸟类包括秋沙鸭 (Mergus Merganser)、锯齿鸭 (M. serrator)、Lophodytes cucullatus 和 Megaceryle alcyon]。奥多纳若虫 (Aeshna spp.) 在捕食实验和湖中以幼鱼为食。若虫在沿海地区很常见，水下的碎片为觅食提供了基质。该 G. aculeatus 种群中脊柱的丧失是对埃什纳 (Aeshna) 狩猎技术的适应。减少脊椎等外部结构，最大限度地减少擒抱捕食者的摩擦接触。参考这些建议讨论了实验数据和其他gasterosteid种群。
A population of G. aculeatus from a muskeg lake on the Queen Charlotte Islands shows a spine polymorphism, with 80% lacking the second dorsal spine and 68% lacking the pelvic spines. Females were more prevalent among phenotypes with greater spine number, and males were more common among those with fewer spines. Adult females and juveniles of both sexes with pelvic spines, were more frequent in the limnetic habitat; adult males and juveniles without pelvic spines were common in the littoral region. Species (5) of piscivorous birds, each in low numbers, foraged in the lake. Extensive predation in the limnetic region by Gavia immer and, secondarily, Podiceps spp. [P. grisegena and P. auritus], is implicated as a selective pressure favoring the greater spined phenotype. [Other bird species were Mergus Merganser, M. serrator, Lophodytes cucullatus and Megaceryle alcyon]. Odonate nymphs (Aeshna spp.) consumed juvenile fish in predation experiments and in the lake proper. Nymphs were common in the littoral zone, where submerged debris provided substrate for foraging. Spine loss in this population of G. aculeatus is an adaptation to the hunting technique of Aeshna; reduced external structures such as spines minimize frictional contact for a grappling predator. Experimental data and other gasterosteid populations are discussed with reference to these proposals.