Paternal origin of Tungusic-speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M86
Paternal origin of Tungusic-speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M86
复制标题
通古斯语族群的父系起源：来自Y染色体单倍群C2a—M86更新的系统发育树的见解
DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.23462
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wei, Lan-Hai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Bing-Li;Ma, Peng-Cheng;Wei, Lan-Hai
目的C2a-M48单倍群是通古斯语人群的主要父系谱系，通古斯语人群是西伯利亚最大的人口群体之一。直到现在，通古斯语人口的起源和分布仍然不清楚。本研究利用C2a-M48主要分支C2a-M86单倍群的系统发育分析，探讨通古斯语人群的人口统计学历史。材料与方法对C2a-M48雄性新生成的18条Y染色体序列和该单倍群已有的20条Y染色体序列进行分析。重建了具有年龄估计的单倍群C2a-M86的高度修正的系统发育树。收集了文献中该谱系的频率，并对欧亚大陆245个种群中的13022个个体进行了全面分析。结果C2a-M48的分布图显示了该父系在欧亚大陆北部最可能的起源区域和传播路线。来自通古斯语人群的大多数C2a-M86样本属于大约3300年前出现的C2a-F5484亚系。我们确定了六个独特的亚系，分别对应于满族、鄂伦春族、鄂伦春族和达斡尔族；这些亚系在过去的1900年里逐渐分化。值得注意的是，我们观察到来自C2a-F5484的亚谱系具有明显的南北分化结构，这与通古斯语言和族群的内部南北分化一致。我们确定了通古斯语人群的重要创始父系单倍群C2a-F5484，以及该单倍群的许多独特亚群。我们认为，C2a-F5484的分化时间与通古斯语祖先群体的早期分化时间一致。
Objectives Haplogroup C2a-M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic-speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic-speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic-speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a-M86, the major subbranch of C2a-M48.Materials and methods In total, 18 newly generated Y chromosome sequences from C2a-M48 males and 20 previously available Y-chromosome sequences from this haplogroup were analyzed. A highly revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2a-M86 with age estimates was reconstructed. Frequencies of this lineage in the literature were collected and a comprehensive analysis of this lineage in 13 022 individuals from 245 populations in Eurasia was performed.Results The distribution map of C2a-M48 indicated the most probable area of origin and diffusion route of this paternal lineage in North Eurasia. Most C2a-M86 samples from Tungusic-speaking populations belonged to the sublineage C2a-F5484, which emerged about 3300 years ago. We identified six unique sublineages corresponding to the Manchu, Evenks, Evens, Oroqen, and Daurpopulations; these sublineages diverged gradually over the past 1900 years. Notably, we observed a clear north-south dichotomous structure for sublineages derived from C2a-F5484, consistent with the internal north-south divergence of Tungusic languages and ethnic groups.Conclusions We identified the important founding paternal haplogroup, C2a-F5484, for Tungusic-speaking populations as well as numerous unique subgroups of this haplogroup. We propose that the timeframe for the divergence of C2a-F5484 corresponds with the early differentiation of ancestral Tungusic-speaking populations.