Neuropeptide Y family of peptides:: Structure, anatomical expression, function, and molecular evolution
Neuropeptide Y family of peptides:: Structure, anatomical expression, function, and molecular evolution
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DOI：
10.1139/bcb-78-3-371
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Larhammar, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cerdá-Reverter, JM;Larhammar, D
神经内分泌肽之间的进化关系往往很难解决不同的门，由于独立的复制事件在不同的谱系。由于许多不同物种中的肽纯化和分子克隆，神经肽Y（NPY）家族的情况开始明朗，该家族还包括肽YY（PYY）、四足动物胰多肽（PP）和鱼胰肽Y（PY）。长期以来，人们一直认为，在脊椎动物进化中发生的第一次复制产生了NPY和PYY，因为这两种物质都存在于所有的有颌类动物和七鳃鳗中。来自其他基因家族的证据表明，这种重复可能是染色体重复事件。在七鳃鳗中发现的第二种PYY肽的起源仍有待解释。我们最近在鲈鱼中克隆了NPY、PYY和PY，证明鱼PY是一个单独的基因产物。我们赞成这一假设，即PY是一个重复的PYY基因，它可能发生在鱼类进化的后期，因为PY到目前为止只被发现在棘形鱼。因此，这种复制似乎是独立的四足动物从PYY产生PP，虽然四足动物的PP和鱼的PY在胰腺中表达。对鲈鱼和其他鱼类的研究表明，与PP相反，PY在神经系统中表达。我们回顾了有关脊椎动物中各种NPY家族肽的分布和功能方面的文献。
Evolutionary relationships between neuroendocrine peptides are often difficult to resolve across divergent phyla due to independent duplication events in different lineages. Thanks to peptide purification and molecular cloning in many different species, the situation is beginning to clear for the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family, which also includes peptide YY (PYY), the tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and the fish pancreatic peptide Y (PY). It has long been assumed that the first duplication to occur in vertebrate evolution generated NPY and PYY, as both of these are found in all gnathostomes as well as lamprey. Evidence from other gene families show that this duplication was probably a chromosome duplication event. The origin of a second PYY peptide found in lamprey remains to be explained. Our recent cloning of NPY, PYY and PY in the sea bass proves that fish PY is a separate gene product. We favour the hypothesis that PY is a duplicate of the PYY gene and that it may have occurred late in fish evolution, as PY has so far only been found in acanthomorph fishes. Thus, this duplication seems to be independent of the one that generate PP from PYY in tetrapods, although both tetrapod PP and fish PY are expressed in the pancreas. Studies in the sea bass and other fish show that PY, in contrast to PP, is expressed in the nervous system. We review the literature on the distribution and functional aspects of the various NPY-family peptides in vertebrates.