Rangeland watershed study using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender
Rangeland watershed study using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender
复制标题
使用农业政策/环境扩展器进行牧场流域研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Min
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiuying Wang;C. Amonett;John R. Williams;B. Wilcox;W. Fox;Min
关于牧场保护做法及其在流域/景观尺度上控制非点源污染和流域健康的有效性的信息对于未来的规划和资源分配是必要的。本研究的目的是测试的能力，农业政策/环境生态系统（APEX）模型模拟水文和土壤过程在流域尺度上，并利用该模型来评估牧场的利益，在减少泥沙负荷和潜在的保护措施的牧场流域内的利益。该模型进行了校准和验证的两个流域内的牛舍溪流域在得克萨斯州中北部的流量和产沙量：牛舍溪流域上游的皮德科（CCUP）流域（1,178平方公里[290,966 ac]）和清溪（CC）流域（57.3平方公里[14,153 ac]）。流域的Nash-Sutcliffe效率为0.62至0.71和0.71至0.81的月和年流量，从0.51至0.84和0.60至0.84的月和年的产沙量，分别。河川流量的误差百分比介于-9.3%至12.7%之间，而产沙量的误差百分比介于-22.6%至11.5%之间。除了APEX模型校准/验证之外，各种建模场景（例如，耕地扩张和灌木控制/减少放牧率保护措施），推导并分析了CCUP流域。耕地扩展情景分析（小于0.1%连续玉米到39%连续玉米）表明，目前的牧场有减少65%的泥沙负荷的好处。牧场保护实践情景模拟确定了大量减少陆上沉积物流失的转换范围刷范围草上Evant土壤地区，平均减少58.8%的处理区。然而，由于6%的低处理面积，Pidcoke的CCUP流域出口的泥沙负荷仅减少了7%。与清除灌木相比，减少放牧率的设想效果较差，因为目前的10公顷牛-1（24头ac牛-1）不被认为是一种高放牧率。将目前的放养率减少到15公顷牛-1（37头ac牛-1），使沉积物负荷减少了5%。这项研究表明，APEX模型是能够复制测量的径流量和产沙量的牧场流域具有令人满意的性能的基础上公认的统计标准。
Information on grazing land conservation practices and their effectiveness in controlling nonpoint source pollution and watershed health at the watershed/landscape scale is necessary for future planning and resource allocation. The objectives of this study were to test the ability of the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to simulate hydrologic and soil processes at the watershed scale and utilize the model to evaluate the benefit of rangeland in reducing sediment loading and the benefit of potential conservation practices within a rangeland watershed. The model was calibrated and validated for stream flow and sediment yield for two watersheds within the Cowhouse Creek Watershed in north-central Texas: Cowhouse Creek Watershed upstream of Pidcoke (CCUP) Watershed (1,178 km2 [290,966 ac]) and Clear Creek (CC) Watershed (57.3 km2 [14,153 ac]). Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies for the watersheds ranged from 0.62 to 0.71 and 0.71 to 0.81 for monthly and annual stream flow, and from 0.51 to 0.84 and 0.60 to 0.84 for monthly and annual sediment yields, respectively. The percent errors ranged from −9.3% to 12.7% for stream flow and from −22.6% to 11.5% for sediment yield. In addition to APEX model calibration/validation, various modeling scenarios (e.g., cropland expansion and brush control/reduced grazing rate conservation practices) were derived and analyzed for the CCUP watershed. The cropland expansion scenario analysis (less than 0.1% continuous corn to 39% continuous corn) indicated that the current rangeland has the benefit of reducing sediment loading by 65%. Rangeland conservation practice scenario modeling identified substantial reductions in overland sediment losses for conversion of range brush to range grass on Evant soil areas, with an average reduction of 58.8% from treated areas. However, the sediment loading to the CCUP watershed outlet at Pidcoke was only reduced by 7% due to the low treated area of 6%. The reducing stocking rate scenario was less effective compared with brush removal since the current 10 ha cattle−1 (24 ac cattle−1) was not considered a heavy stocking rate. Reducing the current stocking rate to 15 ha cattle−1 (37 ac cattle−1) reduced sediment loading by 5%. This study shows that the APEX model is able to replicate measured stream flow and sediment yields for rangeland watersheds with satisfactory performance based on well-accepted statistical criteria.