A review of occupational regulation and its impact
A review of occupational regulation and its impact
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职业监管及其影响的回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Kleiner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Forth;A. Bryson;A. Humphris;M. Koumenta;M. Kleiner
该证据报告加深了对英国职业监管的性质和影响的了解。职业监管一词是各种机制（包括执业许可和自愿形式）的广义标题，通过这些机制在职业中应用最低技能标准。因此，职业监管是一系列杠杆或最佳市场解决方案之一，旨在鼓励雇主进行集体培训。作为英国就业和技能委员会雇主集体措施审查的一部分，将职业监管作为增加技能需求和供应的机制与其他措施一起被考虑。然而，该审查承认英国正在研究职业监管的一般主题。这项由国家经济和社会研究所进行的研究有助于解决这个问题并加深我们对该领域的了解：通过审查现有的经济文献，对现有的职业监管理论进行讨论；再次通过现有文献，对英国、美国、加拿大和欧洲（德国、法国和意大利）职业监管的现有证据进行详细审查；通过在标准职业分类（2000）的单元组级别绘制管理、专业和非专业职业，提供英国职业监管的全面地图；对英国职业监管对劳动力市场的影响进行估计。通过将制图输出与从季度劳动力调查 (QLFS) 获得的单位组数据进行比较来估计其患病率。通过横断面分析进行进一步分析，对受监管和不受监管职业的工人的资格水平、工资和与工作相关的培训率进行估计。这使用 QLFS 2010 数据。并采用双重差分法来评估监管状态的转变对技能水平、与工作相关的教育和培训、工资和就业的影响。这里使用 2001 年至 2010 年之间的 QLFS 数据。
This Evidence Report develops a deeper understanding of the nature and impact of occupational regulation in the UK. The term, occupational regulation, is a broad heading for various mechanisms (including licence to practice and voluntary forms) through which minimum skill standards are applied within occupations. As such, occupational regulation is one of a range of levers, or best market solutions, which are designed to encourage employers to train on a collective basis. The use of occupational regulation as a mechanism for increasing the demand for, and supply of, skills was considered alongside other measures, as part of the UK Commission for Employment and Skills’ Review of Employer Collective Measures. However, that Review acknowledged the general topic of occupational regulation was under researched in the UK. This research, conducted by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, helps to address this and deepens our knowledge of the area by: providing a discussion on the existing theory on occupational regulation by examining existing economic literature; providing a detailed review of the existing evidence on occupational regulation in the UK, America, Canada and Europe (Germany, France and Italy), again via existing literature; providing a comprehensive map of occupational regulation in the UK, through the mapping of managerial, professional and non-professional occupations at the Unit Group level of the Standard Occupational Classification (2000); producing estimates of the labour market impact of occupational regulation in the UK. Its prevalence is estimated by comparing the mapping output with Unit Group data obtained from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). Further analysis, via cross-sectional analysis, produces estimates on levels of qualifications, wages and rates of job-related training between workers in regulated and unregulated occupations. This uses QLFS 2010 data. And a Difference-in-Differences analysis is employed to evaluate the impact of switches in regulation status on skill levels, job-related education and training, wages and employment. This uses QLFS data between 2001 and 2010.