Comparative receptor modelling study of airborne particulate pollutants in Birmingham (United Kingdom), Coimbra (Portugal) and Lahore (Pakistan)
Comparative receptor modelling study of airborne particulate pollutants in Birmingham (United Kingdom), Coimbra (Portugal) and Lahore (Pakistan)
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DOI：
10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00152-0
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发表时间：
1997-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Castro, LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison, RM;Smith, DJT;Castro, LM
在世界不同地区的三个城市收集了空气中颗粒物的样本。在英国伯明翰。和葡萄牙的科英布拉，样本为可吸入颗粒物10，而在巴基斯坦的拉合尔，则收集了总悬浮颗粒物。对样品进行了广泛的金属成分，黑碳和有机碳，以及可溶性离子，SO_（42）-，NO_3-，Br-，Cl-和NH_4+的分析。我们采用主成分因子分析及多元线性回归分析方法，对三个城市的数据进行受体模型研究，以定量分析三个城市的特定化学成分及总颗粒物（或PM10）的来源。这种方法，分别适用于在伯明翰和科英布拉收集的样品中的粗和细馏分，揭示了四个和六个源类别之间的位置和大小部分，而在伯明翰和科英布拉在北方和南欧的网站，分别显示出相当大的相似性，有很大的对比与拉合尔干燥的气候和控制不良的污染源。对铅和PM10/TSP的来源属性进行了详细的相互比较。在铅的情况下，在伯明翰的源属性显示出密切对应的国家大气排放清单。在PM10/TSP的情况下，城市之间的来源贡献存在很大差异，土壤粉尘估计占拉合尔大气中总悬浮颗粒物的62%，但在伯明翰和科英布拉贡献要小得多，其中道路交通排放占总量的很大比例。(C)1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Samples of airborne particulate matter have been collected in three cities in different parts of the world. In Birmingham, U.K. and Coimbra, Portugal, samples were of PM10, whilst in Lahore, Pakistan, total suspended particulates were collected. The samples have been analysed for a wide range of metallic constituents, black carbon and organic carbon, and the soluble ions, SO42-, NO3-, Br-, Cl- and NH4+. A receptor modelling study has been conducted for data from each city using Principal Component Factor Analysis followed by multi-linear regression analysis in order to provide quantitative insights into the sources of specific chemical components and total particulate matter (or PM10) in the three cities. This methodology, applied separately to coarse and fine fractions in the samples collected in Birmingham and Coimbra, reveals between four and six source categories according to location and size fraction, and whilst the sites in Birmingham and Coimbra in northern and southern Europe, respectively, show considerable similarities, there are large contrasts with Lahore with its dryer climate and poorly controlled pollution sources. A detailed intercomparison has been conducted into the source attributions for lead and for PM10/TSP. In the case of lead, the source attributions in Birmingham are shown to correspond closely to the national atmospheric emissions inventory. Large differences between the cities in source contributions are seen in the case of PM10/TSP, with soil dust estimated to contribute 62% of total suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere of Lahore, but contributing much less in Birmingham and Coimbra where road traffic emissions comprise a substantial percentage of the total. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.