Literary Communities in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Space, Place and IdentityIntroduction
Literary Communities in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Space, Place and IdentityIntroduction
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十九世纪末二十世纪初的文学共同体：空间、场所与身份导论
DOI：
10.1093/fmls/cqx016
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Bullock P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bullock P
本期《现代语言研究论坛》介绍了《写作1900》成员的一系列文章，这是一个由文学学者和文化历史学家组成的国际网络，他们对19世纪末和20世纪初文学史的写作有着共同的兴趣。[1]该小组成员认为，1870年至1930年的几十年是一个时代，在这个时代，跨国文学交流的增加与欧洲和全球范围内对国家地位和政治经济权力概念的重新定义相吻合。本文从多个跨学科、跨国界的视角，探讨了转型期文学文化形态的变迁。他们的作者研究了作家、作品、思想和艺术运动在跨越国家和语言边界迁移时会发生什么;他们认为，如果不参考国际主义和世界主义的思想，就不能理解国家的经典;他们探讨了文学的意义和价值如何受到文化迁移和交流模式的影响;它们突出了这种交流发生的特定地理位置和文化场所。从跨国的角度来看待文学，暴露了“民族”文学思想的意识形态基础和分类学谬误，这些思想继续塑造着世界各地的文学研究机构。近年来，这类问题在文学和文化研究中占据了突出的地位。特别是，比较文学领域已经从基于影响和接受的文学分析模式转向基于网络，物质文化，文学社会学和城市地理学的新方法。就19世纪和20世纪而言，这一新领域的许多开创性工作都集中在法国，特别是巴黎，它无疑是艺术创新和创造力的主要国际中心。在《世界文学共和国》一书中，帕斯卡尔·卡萨诺瓦将法国的首都描述为“文学的格林威治子午线”，从而概括了法国的统治地位。[2]虽然卡萨诺瓦提供了
THIS SPECIAL ISSUE OF Forum for Modern Language Studies presents a series of articles by members of Writing 1900, an international network of literary scholars and cultural historians united by a common interest in comparative and transnational approaches to the writing of literary history in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 1 The members of the group take it as axiomatic that the decades between 1870 and 1930 constitute an era when an increase in cross-national literary traffic coincides with redefinitions of concepts of nationhood and political and economic power, both within Europe and on a global scale. The articles presented here investigate the shifting forms of literary culture in this age of transition from a number of cross-disciplinary and transnational perspectives. Their authors examine what happens to writers, works, ideas and artistic movements when they migrate across national and linguistic borders; they argue that national canons cannot be understood without reference to ideas of internationalism and cosmopolitanism; they explore how the meaning and value of literature are affected by patterns of cultural migration and exchange; and they foreground the particular geographical locations and cultural venues in which such exchange occurs. Approaching literature from a transnational perspective lays bare the ideological foundations and taxonomical fallacies that underlie ideas of ‘national’literatures, which continue to shape the institutions of literary studies around the world. In recent year, such questions have come to occupy a prominent place in the study of literature and culture. In particular, the field of comparative literature has undergone a shift away from models of literary analysis based on influence and reception, towards new approaches based on networks, material culture, literary sociology and urban geography. As far as the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are concerned, much of the pioneering work in this new field has been focused on France, and especially Paris, which undoubtedly functioned as a prime international centre of artistic innovation and creativity. In The World Republic of Letters, Pascale Casanova encapsulates the dominance of France when she describes its capital city as ‘the Greenwich Meridian of Literature’. 2 Tellingly, while Casanova provides