Astrocytes: regulation of brain homeostasis via apolipoprotein E
Astrocytes: regulation of brain homeostasis via apolipoprotein E
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocel.2004.10.004
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Keller, JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gee, JR;Keller, JN
星形胶质细胞来源于神经板的脑室和脑室下区，尽管它们来源于星形胶质细胞特异性前体细胞或放射状胶质中间细胞存在争议。星形胶质细胞是大脑中最丰富的细胞类型，并以多种方式参与大脑稳态，包括缓冲细胞外K+，调节神经递质释放，形成血脑屏障（BBB），释放生长因子和调节大脑免疫反应。此外，星形胶质细胞已被证明释放载脂蛋白E (ApoE)，其已被证明调节神经传递、生长因子释放和免疫反应。由于星形胶质细胞的多种功能，它们可能在多种疾病中发挥作用，如肝性脑病、多发性硬化症、癫痫以及与年龄相关的疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。这篇综述强调了星形胶质细胞在调节大脑稳态中发挥的许多不同作用，并讨论了它们在各种疾病中的潜在作用。(c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Astrocytes are derived from the ventricular and subventricular zones of the neural plate, though there is controversy over their derivation from astrocyte-specific precursor cells or radial glia intermediates. Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and contribute to brain homeostasis in several ways, including buffering of extracellular K+, regulating neurotransmitter release, forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), releasing growth factors, and regulating the brain immune response. In addition, astrocytes have been shown to release apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which has been shown to regulate neurotransmission, growth factor release, and immune responses. Due to the diverse functions of astrocytes, they may play a role in a variety of diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and age-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review highlights many of the diverse roles played by astrocytes in regulating brain homeostasis and discusses their potential role in a variety of disorders. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.