A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities.
A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.005
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Bulkeley, Harriet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broto, Vanesa Castan;Bulkeley, Harriet
►一项数据库分析显示，城市气候变化试验是一种全球趋势。►实验是一种最近的趋势，并不局限于特定的世界地区或城市。►虽然实验是多种多样的，但能源实验占主导地位。►通常通过伙伴关系，多个行为者介入城市气候变化治理。►在亚洲出现了一种由私人演员领导的独特的实验趋势。城市是应对气候变化的关键地点。以前的研究在很大程度上忽略了气候变化应对措施的多样性，这些应对措施出现在正式的决策背景之外，由市政府以外的行为者领导。此外，现有的研究主要集中在发达经济体减缓气候变化的案例研究上。这份白皮书的目的是揭示世界不同地区城市气候变化治理所涉及的行为者、环境、治理安排和技术的不同组合。本文将城市气候变化治理作为一个实验过程进行研究。气候变化实验在这里作为干预措施，在未来不确定的背景下尝试新的想法和方法。它们有助于理解干预措施在实践中如何发挥作用，在新的背景下，他们被认为是创新的。为了研究实验，本文提供了来自100个全球城市样本中627个城市气候变化实验的数据库分析的证据。分析表明，自2005年以来，实验是世界不同地区和多个部门城市应对气候变化的一个特征。尽管实验似乎与特定类型的城市经济和社会条件无关，但它的一些核心特征是显而易见的。例如，实验倾向于关注能源。此外，社会和技术形式的实验都是可见的，但技术实验在城市基础设施系统中更常见。虽然市政府在气候变化试验中发挥着关键作用，但它们经常与其他行为者一起行动，并以各种形式的伙伴关系行事。这些发现表明，实验是为控制城市气候变化开辟新的政治空间的关键工具。
► A database analysis reveals urban climate change experimentation as a global trend. ► Experimentation is a recent trend not confined to specific world regions or cities. ► Although experimentation is heterogeneous, energy experiments predominate. ► Multiple actors, often through partnership, intervene in urban climate change governance. ► A characteristic trend of experimentation led by private actors emerges in Asia. Cities are key sites where climate change is being addressed. Previous research has largely overlooked the multiplicity of climate change responses emerging outside formal contexts of decision-making and led by actors other than municipal governments. Moreover, existing research has largely focused on case studies of climate change mitigation in developed economies. The objective of this paper is to uncover the heterogeneous mix of actors, settings, governance arrangements and technologies involved in the governance of climate change in cities in different parts of the world. The paper focuses on urban climate change governance as a process of experimentation. Climate change experiments are presented here as interventions to try out new ideas and methods in the context of future uncertainties. They serve to understand how interventions work in practice, in new contexts where they are thought of as innovative. To study experimentation, the paper presents evidence from the analysis of a database of 627 urban climate change experiments in a sample of 100 global cities. The analysis suggests that, since 2005, experimentation is a feature of urban responses to climate change across different world regions and multiple sectors. Although experimentation does not appear to be related to particular kinds of urban economic and social conditions, some of its core features are visible. For example, experimentation tends to focus on energy. Also, both social and technical forms of experimentation are visible, but technical experimentation is more common in urban infrastructure systems. While municipal governments have a critical role in climate change experimentation, they often act alongside other actors and in a variety of forms of partnership. These findings point at experimentation as a key tool to open up new political spaces for governing climate change in the city.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Allen, A
通讯作者：
Allen, A
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
de Sherbinin, Alex;Schiller, Andrew;Pulsipher, Alex
通讯作者：
Pulsipher, Alex
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Davies, Anna
通讯作者：
Davies, Anna
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00420.x
发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Evans, J. P.
通讯作者：
Evans, J. P.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Bulkeley, Harriet;Kern, Kristine
通讯作者：
Kern, Kristine