Sustained Attention Across the Life Span in a Sample of 10,000: Dissociating Ability and Strategy.
Sustained Attention Across the Life Span in a Sample of 10,000: Dissociating Ability and Strategy.
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797615594896
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Esterman M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fortenbaugh FC;DeGutis J;Germine L;Wilmer JB;Grosso M;Russo K;Esterman M
长期以来，科学家、教育家和临床医生一直对持续视觉注意力的正常和异常差异感兴趣。然而，人们仍然缺乏对持续的视觉注意力在人类生命周期中如何变化的清晰理解。在这里，我们以两种方式填补这一空白。首先，在空前庞大的10,430人样本的支持下，我们以比以往更高的精度对与年龄相关的差异进行了建模。其次，使用最近开发的渐进式连续性能测试（gradCPT），我们解析持续注意力表现在其寿命的能力和策略组件。我们发现，在15岁之后，策略和能力轨迹显著偏离。随着年龄的增长，策略变得越来越保守，而能力在40岁出头达到顶峰，然后在老年人中逐渐下降。这些观察到的持续注意力的寿命轨迹与其他专注于流体和结晶智力的寿命研究的结果不同。
Normal and abnormal differences in sustained visual attention have long been of interest to scientists, educators, and clinicians. Still lacking, however, is a clear understanding of how sustained visual attention varies across the broad sweep of the human lifespan. Here, we fill this gap in two ways. First, powered by an unprecedentedly large, 10,430-person sample, we model age-related differences with substantially greater precision than prior efforts. Second, using the recently developed gradual-onset continuous performance test (gradCPT), we parse sustained attention performance over the lifespan into its ability and strategy components. We find that after age 15, the strategy and ability trajectories saliently diverge. Strategy becomes monotonically more conservative with age, whereas ability peaks in the early forties and is followed by a gradual decline in older adults. These observed lifespan trajectories for sustained attention are distinct from results of other lifespan studies focusing on fluid and crystallized intelligence.