Bald eagle mortality and chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in livers from British Columbia, Canada, 1989-1994.
Bald eagle mortality and chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in livers from British Columbia, Canada, 1989-1994.
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1989-1994 年加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省秃鹰死亡率和肝脏中氯化烃污染物。
DOI：
10.1016/s0269-7491(96)00106-6
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
R. Norstrom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Elliott;L. Wilson;K. Langelier;R. Norstrom
1989年至1994年，我们在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省发现了278具死亡或濒临死亡的白头海雕尸体。对所有标本进行尸检，并尽可能确定死亡原因。从一个子集的75只鸟的肝脏多氯联苯（PCB）和有机氯（OC）农药残留进行了分析。在格鲁吉亚海峡周围发现死亡的19只鹰的另一个子集，一个已知的纸浆厂污染的地区，在夏天，因此可能是居民鸟类，进行了多氯二苯并二恶英（PCDDs）和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）和非邻位多氯联苯分析。肝脏中DDE的浓度范围从小于1到190毫克/千克不等，多氯联苯总量高达72毫克/千克。其他有机碳的浓度一般低于1毫克/千克，但与氯丹有关的化合物除外，其浓度偶尔超过2毫克/千克。所有分析过多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃的鸟类都含有可检测浓度的主要2，3，7，8-取代异构体。一些鸟类受到严重污染; 1990年在一个硫酸盐纸浆厂附近发现的一只鹰含有：400纳克/千克的2，3，7，8-四氯二苯并对二恶英、1，2，3，7，8-对苯二苯并对二恶英和4，400纳克/千克的1，2，3，6，7，8-六氯二苯并对二恶英。具有较高PCB和二氯二苯二氯乙烷（DDE）浓度的鸟类似乎体重较轻，并且PCB和DDE与身体状况的数值评分之间存在显着的负相关关系，反映了众所周知的饥饿诱导的身体脂质和污染物动员过程。具有较高2，3，7，8-TCDD浓度的鸟类倾向于具有异常低的2，3，7，8-TCDF浓度，解释为指示TCDD和随后的TCDF代谢的肝细胞色素P4501 A型诱导。
Between 1989 and 1994, we obtained 278 carcasses of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) found dead or dying in British Columbia, Canada. All specimens were necropsied and the cause of death determined wherever possible. Livers from a subset of 75 birds were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues. A further subset of 19 eagles found dead around the Strait of Georgia, an area of known pulp mill pollution, in summer, and therefore presumably resident birds, were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and non-ortho PCBs. Liver concentrations ranged from less than 1 to 190 mg/kg for DDE, and up to 72 mg/kg for total PCBs. Concentrations of other OCs were generally less than 1 mg/kg, with the exception of chlordane-related compounds which were occasionally over 2 mg/kg. All birds analyzed for PCDDs and PCDFs contained detectable concentrations of the major 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers. Some birds were very contaminated; one eagle found near a kraft pulp mill site in 1990 contained: 400 ng/kg 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1400 ng/kg 1,2,3,7,8-PnCDD and 4400 ng/kg 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD. Birds with higher PCB and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE) concentrations appeared to weigh less, and there was a significant negative relationship between both PCBs and DDE and numeric scoring of body condition, reflecting the well known process of starvation-induced mobilization of body lipids and contaminants. Birds with higher 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations tended to have unusually low concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, interpreted to indicate hepatic cytochrome P4501A-type induction by TCDD and subsequent metabolism of TCDF.