Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill Bacillus and Clostridium Spores.
Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) and a Nonaqueous Five-Percent GML Gel Kill Bacillus and Clostridium Spores.
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DOI：
10.1128/mspheredirect.00597-18
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发表时间：
2018-11-21
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Ellermeier CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schlievert PM;Kilgore SH;Kaus GM;Ho TD;Ellermeier CD
已知芽孢杆菌属和梭状芽孢杆菌属孢子对杀灭具有高度抗性，在环境和人体表面上长时间持续存在。在有利的环境中，这些孢子可能会发芽并引起人类疾病。因此，重要的是要确定可以在环境和人体皮肤和粘膜表面上使用的试剂，并有效地杀死孢子。我们以前表明，脂肪酸单酯甘油单月桂酸酯（GML）杀死炭疽芽孢杆菌的静止期文化。由于这种培养物可能含有孢子，因此GML和人类使用批准的GML非水凝胶可能会杀死芽孢杆菌和梭菌孢子。我们的研究的意义在于，我们已经鉴定了GML，并且在更大程度上，GML溶解在非水凝胶中，有效地杀死来自两种细菌属的孢子。甘油单月桂酸酯是一种广泛的抗微生物脂肪酸单酯，杀死细菌，真菌和包膜病毒。该化合物杀死炭疽杆菌的静止期培养物，表明该分子可以杀死孢子。在这项研究中，我们检查了单月桂酸甘油酯单独或溶解在非水凝胶中杀死需氧菌B的营养细胞和孢子的能力。anthracis，B. B. subtilis和B. B.蜡状芽孢杆菌和厌氧产气荚膜梭菌和艰难梭菌。单月桂酸甘油酯对所有5种供试微生物均具有杀菌作用。甘油单月桂酸酯是有效的杀死孢子。当在非水凝胶中溶解时，单月桂酸甘油酯凝胶对所有测试的孢子都是杀菌的。这些数据表明，甘油单月桂酸酯非水凝胶可以有效地净化环境和身体表面，如皮肤。重要性众所周知，芽孢杆菌和梭状芽孢杆菌的孢子具有很强的抗杀灭性，可在环境和人体表面长时间存留。在有利的环境中，这些孢子可能会发芽并引起人类疾病。因此，重要的是要确定可以在环境和人体皮肤和粘膜表面上使用的试剂，并有效地杀死孢子。我们以前表明，脂肪酸单酯甘油单月桂酸酯（GML）杀死炭疽芽孢杆菌的静止期文化。由于这种培养物可能含有孢子，因此GML和人类使用批准的GML非水凝胶可能会杀死芽孢杆菌和梭菌孢子。我们的研究的意义在于，我们已经鉴定了GML，并且在更大程度上，GML溶解在非水凝胶中，有效地杀死来自两种细菌属的孢子。
Bacillus and Clostridium spores are known to be highly resistant to killing, persisting on environmental and human body surfaces for long periods of time. In favorable environments, these spores may germinate and cause human diseases. It is thus important to identify agents that can be used on both environmental and human skin and mucosal surfaces and that are effective in killing spores. We previously showed that the fatty acid monoester glycerol monolaurate (GML) kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis. Since such cultures are likely to contain spores, it is possible that GML and a human-use-approved GML nonaqueous gel would kill Bacillus and Clostridium spores. The significance of our studies is that we have identified GML, and, to a greater extent, GML solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, as effective in killing spores from both bacterial genera. Glycerol monolaurate is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. The compound kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis, suggesting that the molecule may kill spores. In this study, we examined the ability of glycerol monolaurate alone or solubilized in a nonaqueous gel to kill vegetative cells and spores of aerobic B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus and anaerobic Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile. Glycerol monolaurate alone was bactericidal for all five organisms tested. Glycerol monolaurate alone was effective in killing spores. When solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, the glycerol monolaurate gel was bactericidal for all spores tested. The data suggest that glycerol monolaurate nonaqueous gel could be effective in decontaminating environmental and body surfaces, such as skin. IMPORTANCE Bacillus and Clostridium spores are known to be highly resistant to killing, persisting on environmental and human body surfaces for long periods of time. In favorable environments, these spores may germinate and cause human diseases. It is thus important to identify agents that can be used on both environmental and human skin and mucosal surfaces and that are effective in killing spores. We previously showed that the fatty acid monoester glycerol monolaurate (GML) kills stationary-phase cultures of Bacillus anthracis. Since such cultures are likely to contain spores, it is possible that GML and a human-use-approved GML nonaqueous gel would kill Bacillus and Clostridium spores. The significance of our studies is that we have identified GML, and, to a greater extent, GML solubilized in a nonaqueous gel, as effective in killing spores from both bacterial genera.