The contributions of diet and childbearing to breast-cancer rates.
The contributions of diet and childbearing to breast-cancer rates.
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DOI：
10.1038/bjc.1978.142
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发表时间：
1978-06
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Hems, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hems, G
1970-71 年期间 41 个国家的女性平均年龄标准化乳腺癌死亡率与 1964-66 年的饮食密切相关。偏相关分析表明，乳腺癌发病率与总脂肪、动物蛋白和动物热量呈正相关，与饮食的其他成分无关。这 3 种成分彼此之间的相关性非常密切，以至于根据现有数据，不可能断定其中任何一种成分是否独立于其他 2 种成分而与乳腺癌相关。除了这些相关性之外，并且独立于这些相关性，乳腺癌还与精制糖的摄入有关。 1964-67 年 26 个国家 50-54 岁的乳腺癌死亡率与生育密切相关，以 1960-61 年 45-49 岁女性平均家庭规模表示。然而，这种相关性并不独立于与饮食的相关性，并且得出的结论是，国家之间乳腺癌发病率的差异主要是由饮食差异引起的。临床研究中观察到的乳腺癌风险随生育的变化似乎最好被视为第二个风险梯度，更容易被视为人群中乳腺癌发病率的变化，其中饮食差异相对较小。乳腺癌与饮食之间关系的生理学基础尚不清楚。饮食关联与身高、肥胖和雌激素水平没有明显的相关性，这些因素是临床研究中观察到的影响乳腺癌风险的因素。已发表的关于实验动物饮食对乳腺癌影响的研究结果以及素食者乳腺癌发病率较低的结果支持了观察到的统计关联的真实性。
Mean, age-standardized breast-cancer mortality rates for women of 41 countries, during 1970-71, were closely correlated with diet for 1964-66. Partial correlation analysis indicated that breast-cancer rates were positively correlated with total fat, animal protein and animal calories, independently of other components of diet. These 3 components were correlated with one another so closely that it was not possible, with available data, to say whether any one was associated with breast cancer independently of the other 2. In addition to, and independently of, these correlations, breast cancer was associated with consumption of refined sugar. Breast-cancer mortality rates at 50-54 years during 1964-67 for 26 countries were closely correlated with childbearing, expressed as mean family size for women aged 45-49 years in 1960-61. However, this correlation was not independent of the correlations with diet, and it was concluded that variation of breast-cancer rates between countries arose predominantly from differences in diet. The variation of breast-cancer risk with childbearing, observed in clinial studies, seemed best regarded as a second gradient of risk, seen more readily as variation of breast-cancer rates within a population, where differences in diet would be relatively small. The physiological basis for the association between breast cancer and diet was not clear. The dietary associations did not correlate in an obvious way with height, obesity and oestrogen levels, factors observed in clinical studies to influence risk of breast cancer. That the observed statistical associations were real was supported by published findings on effects of diet on mammary cancer in experimental animals, as well as the lower rates of breast cancer amongst vegetarians.