Modeling Naturalistic Craving, Withdrawal, and Affect During Early Nicotine Abstinence: A Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Modeling Naturalistic Craving, Withdrawal, and Affect During Early Nicotine Abstinence: A Pilot Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/a0038861
复制
发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Ray, Lara A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bujarski, Spencer;Roche, Daniel J. O.;Ray, Lara A.
尽管戒断反应、烟瘾以及积极情感（PA）和消极情感（NA）在吸烟复吸中起着关键作用，但对于在戒烟第一天内这些因素之间的时间关系和预测关系却知之甚少。这项初步研究旨在利用生态瞬时评估来描述在早期戒烟过程中戒断反应、烟瘾以及情感的动态变化。从中等程度和重度吸烟的参与者（每组n = 15）吸烟后即刻开始，他们每小时都要对评估烟瘾、戒断反应、消极情感和积极情感的调查做出回应。采用单变量和多变量多层随机系数模型来描述烟瘾、戒断反应/消极情感以及积极情感的发展过程，并在早期戒烟过程中在个体层面测试这些因素之间的相关性。与中度吸烟者相比，重度吸烟者在戒烟1 - 4小时内烟瘾更大，并且在3小时或更长时间后戒断反应/消极情感更强烈。戒断反应/消极情感的程度与烟瘾呈强正相关，积极情感与烟瘾呈负相关；然而，这些相关性的时间动态差异很大。在早期戒烟过程中，戒断反应/消极情感与烟瘾之间的关联逐渐减弱，而积极情感则呈现相反的情况。这些发现可以为尼古丁戒断的实验研究及其在戒烟工作中的临床应用提供信息。特别是，这些结果通过证明积极情感与尼古丁烟瘾之间独立于戒断反应/消极情感的关联，有助于阐明积极情感在尼古丁戒断中的作用。如果得到未来研究的支持，这些发现可以完善戒烟的实验方法和临床方法。
Despite the critical role of withdrawal, craving, and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in smoking relapse, relatively little is known about the temporal and predictive relationship between these constructs within the first day of abstinence. This pilot study aims to characterize dynamic changes in withdrawal, craving, and affect over the course of early abstinence using ecological momentary assessment. Beginning immediately after smoking, moderate and heavy smoking participants (n = 15 per group) responded to hourly surveys assessing craving, withdrawal, NA, and PA. Univariate and multivariate multilevel random coefficient modeling was used to describe the progression of craving, withdrawal/NA, and PA and to test correlations between these constructs at the subject level over the course of early abstinence. Heavy smokers reported greater craving from 1-4 hr of abstinence and greater withdrawal/NA after 3 or more hours as compared with moderate smokers. Level of withdrawal/NA was strongly positively associated with craving, and PA was negatively correlated with craving; however, the temporal dynamics of these correlations differed substantially. The association between withdrawal/NA and craving decreased over early abstinence, whereas the reverse was observed for PA. These findings can inform experimental studies of nicotine abstinence as well as their clinical applications to smoking cessation efforts. In particular, these results help to elucidate the role of PA in nicotine abstinence by demonstrating its independent association with nicotine craving over and above withdrawal/NA. If supported by future studies, these findings can refine experimental methods and clinical approaches for smoking cessation.