Migration and remittances : recent developments and outlook - transit migration
Migration and remittances : recent developments and outlook - transit migration
复制标题
移民和汇款：近期发展和前景 - 过境移民
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Yaméogo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Ratha;Supriyo De;Kirsten Schuettler;G. Seshan;N. Yaméogo
这份《移民与发展简报》报告了移民和汇款流动的全球趋势，以及与《全球移民契约》（GCM）和可持续发展目标（SDG）有关的汇款量占国内生产总值（GDP）百分比的发展。（可持续发展目标指标17.3.2），降低汇款成本（可持续发展目标指标10.c.1）和招聘成本（可持续发展目标指标10.7.1）。本简报特别侧重于过境移徙问题。要解决过境移徙的不利驱动因素，就需要作出政策努力，在移徙者原籍国创造经济机会，减少冲突和脆弱性。为移徙目的地国开辟更多的法律的渠道也将有助于减少过境移徙。但是，原籍国、过境国和最终目的地国为控制过境移徙而开展的合作不应违反区域议定书规定的人员自由（区域内）流动。尊重过境移徙者的人权仍然是一项政策优先事项。在过境移徙者长期逗留的情况下，可能需要提供获得教育和保健服务以及进入劳动力市场的机会。就原籍国而言，它们需要授权驻过境国的使馆协助其国民。多边机构可以通过收集数据以及提供分析和技术援助，帮助国际社会解决过境移徙的驱动因素。他们还可以充当诚实的中间人，促进有关各方之间的合作。多边开发银行也可以为过境国提供创新的融资解决办法。
This Migration and Development Brief reports global trends in migration and remittance flows, as well as developments related to the Global Compact on Migration (GCM), and the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators for volume of remittances as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) (SDG indicator 17.3.2), reducing remittance costs (SDG indicator 10.c.1) and recruitment costs (SDG indicator 10.7.1). This Brief has a special focus on transit migration. Addressing the adverse drivers of transit migration will involve policy efforts to create economic opportunities and reduce conflict and fragility in migrants’ countries of origin. Opening more legal channels for migration to destination countries would also help reduce transit migration. Collaborative efforts among the origin country, the transit country, and the final destination country to control transit migration, however, should not violate free (intra-regional) movement of people under regional protocols. Respecting the human rights of transit migrants remain a policy priority. In situations where transit migrants stay on for protracted periods, there may be a need to provide access to education and health services, as well as to labor markets. For their part, origin countries need to empower embassies in transit countries to assist their nationals. Multilateral agencies can help the global community through the collection of data and also analytical and technical assistance in addressing the drivers of transit migration. They can also act as honest brokers to facilitate collaboration among the concerned parties. Multilateral development banks can also provide innovative financing solutions to transit countries.