Long duration tests of room air filters in cigarette smokers' homes
Long duration tests of room air filters in cigarette smokers' homes
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DOI：
10.1021/es048951q
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发表时间：
2005-09-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Jia, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batterman, S;Godwin, C;Jia, CR
有关独立室内空气过滤器长期性能的信息有限。在这项研究中，进行了实验室和现场测试，以确定室内过滤器的有效性和性能，这些过滤器基本上可以轻松部署在任何类型的房屋中。测试是在含有强颗粒物来源（特别是吸烟者）的房屋中进行的。使用市售的四速 HEPA 过滤器装置，我们测试了流量、压降和功耗与风扇速度和过滤器负载的函数关系。然后在两个月的时间里，过滤器被部署在四个单户住宅中。每户家庭中的多名吸烟者每天吸 15 至 40 支香烟。居住者被指示以其中一种较高的速度连续运行该装置。我们定期监测过滤器风扇运行以及过滤器安装和拆卸情况下的过滤器使用情况、风扇速度、颗粒物 (PM) 质量浓度、PM 数量浓度、挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 水平以及其他参数。过滤器可将 PM 浓度降低 30-70%，具体取决于尺寸分数和居住者活动，并显着缩短 PM0.3-1.0 的半衰期。 1-5μm颗粒的半衰期、CO2浓度和VOC浓度（包括2,5-二甲基呋喃（环境烟草烟雾的示踪剂））没有变化，表明在监测期间占用率和吸烟强度没有变化。居住者通常保持过滤器以中等速度运行。随着运行时间的延长，过滤器空气流量下降了 7-14%，这主要是由于预过滤器的负载造成的。根据现场数据估算空气交换率、沉积损失率和清洁空气输送率。以中等风扇速度连续运行将产生 236 美元的年度总成本。虽然过滤器的接受度非常高，但住户可能会受益于清洁预过滤器和保持装置开启的说明和提醒。我们得出的结论是，如果空气交换率有限，并且过滤器可以长期保持其性能，那么尺寸足够的室内空气过滤器可以显着降低吸烟者家中的 PM 浓度。
Information regarding the long-term performance of stand-alone room air filters is limited. In this study, laboratory and field tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness and performance of room filters that are easily deployed in essentially any type of house. Tests were conducted in houses containing strong PM sources, specifically cigarette smokers. Using commercially available four-speed HEPA filter units, we tested flow rate, pressure drop, and power consumption as a function of fan speed and filter loading. Filters were then deployed in four single-family homes over a 2 month period. Between 15 and 40 cigarettes were smoked daily by several smokers in each home. Occupants were instructed to continuously operate the unit at one of the higher speeds. Periodically, we monitored filter usage, fan speed, particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, PM number concentrations, volatile organic compound (VOC) levels, and other parameters with the filter fan operating and with filters both installed and removed. The filters decreased PM concentrations by 30-70%, depending on size fraction and occupant activities, and significantly reduced the half-life Of PM0.3-1.0. The half-life of 1-5 mu m particles, CO2 concentrations, and VOC concentrations, including 2,5-dimethyl furan (a tracer for environmental tobacco smoke), did not change, indicating that occupancy and Cigarette smoking intensity did not change over the monitoring periods. Occupants generally kept the filters operating at a moderate speed. Filter air flow rates decreased 7-14% with extended operation, largely due to the loading of prefilters. Air exchange rates, deposition loss rates, and clean air delivery rates were estimated from the field data. Continuous operation at an intermediate fan speed would incur a total annualized cost of $236. While acceptance of the filters was very high, occupants might benefit from instructions and reminders to clean the prefilter and to keep the unit on. We conclude that adequately sized room air filters can substantially lower PM concentrations in smoker's homes if air exchange rates are limited and that the filters can maintain their performance over extended periods.