Transport in tokamaks – a review of experiment
Transport in tokamaks – a review of experiment
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DOI：
10.1088/0029-5515/23/3/006
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发表时间：
1983-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
J. Hugill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hugill
总结了托卡马克约束和输运过程的主要实验结果。即使在那些欧姆加热放电的准稳态阶段，也很难从全局能量遏制时间的测量中得出明确的结论，这些放电不会因失控电子而表现出严重的不稳定性或明显的影响。然而，粒子和能量限制的比较表明，损失过程主要是传导而不是对流。为了分离各种能量输入和损失机制，做出了经典欧姆加热和均分的假设。提出了这些假设的实验证据。主要的能量传输过程是电子热传导，为此建议采用一种形式来将实验数据与各种理论模型进行比较。除了以明显低于电子传导速率的反常粒子扩散之外，粒子和杂质传输似乎还需要新古典箍缩理论。锯齿不稳定性对传输的贡献原则上可以测量，并且仅在某些条件下才重要。如果使用电子传导和粒子扩散的经验形式，放电的一维模型是相当成功的。部分数据存在于各种相关主题：等离子体旋转、径向电场、边界层、环形场波纹的影响和低频不稳定性。这篇材料是总结的。
The main experimental results on confinement and transport processes in tokamaks are summarised. It is difficult to draw definite conclusions from measurements of the global energy containment time even in the quasi-steady phase of those ohmically heated discharges, which do not exhibit gross instability or appreciable effects due to runaway electrons. However, comparison of particle and energy confinement suggests that the loss process is mainly conduction rather than convection. In order to separate the various energy input and loss mechanisms the assumptions of classical ohmic heating and equipartition are made. The experimental evidence for these assumptions is presented. The dominant energy transport process is electron thermal conduction, for which a formalism is suggested for comparing experimental data with various theoretical models. Particle and iimpurity transport appears to require the neoclassical pinch tenn in addition to anomalous particle diffusion at a significantly lower rate than electron conduction. The contribution of the sawtooth instability to transport can be measured in principle and is only important in certain conditions. 1-D models of the discharge are quite successful provided empirical forms of the electron conduction and particle diffusion are used. Partial dat a exists on various related topics: plasma rotation, radial electri c fields, the boundary layer, the effects of toroidal field ripple and low frequency instabilities. This material is summarised.