Cognitive skill learning: age-related differences in strategy shifts and speed of component operations.
Cognitive skill learning: age-related differences in strategy shifts and speed of component operations.
复制标题
认知技能学习：策略转变和组件操作速度与年龄相关的差异。
DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.19.4.565
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cerella,John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Touron,DaynaR;Hoyer,WilliamJ;Cerella,John
年轻人和老年人解决了新的算术问题，并报告了用于获得解决方案的策略。年龄缺陷表现在计算和检索解决方案的延迟以及从计算到检索的转变上。年龄组内的计算和检索的改进率是平行的，这表明存在一种单一的、年龄减弱的机制，影响与实践相关的加速。与年龄相关的策略转变延迟表明要么不愿意使用检索，要么存在联想记忆缺陷。实验 1 表明，两个年龄组的技能获取均不受反应后策略探针的存在和频率的影响。实验 2 表明，预训练项目学习操作促进了后续的项目学习，并且预训练项目学习操作或算法都不会改变年龄趋势。
Younger and older adults solved novel arithmetic problems and reported the strategies used for obtaining solutions. Age deficits were demonstrated in the latencies for computing and retrieving solutions and in the shift from computation to retrieval. Rates of improvement within age groups were parallel for computations and retrievals, suggesting a single, age-attenuated mechanism that affects practice-related speedup. The age-related delay in strategy shift suggests either reluctance to use retrieval or an associative memory deficit. Experiment 1 showed that skill acquisition was unaffected by the presence and frequency of postresponse strategy probes for both age groups. Experiment 2 showed that pretraining item-learning operations facilitated subsequent item learning and that pretraining either item-learning operations or the algorithm did not alter the age trends.