Impacts of alien plant invasions on species richness in Mediterranean-type ecosystems: a meta-analysis
Impacts of alien plant invasions on species richness in Mediterranean-type ecosystems: a meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1177/0309133309341607
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Richardson, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaertner, Mirijam;Den Breeyen, Alana;Richardson, David M.
除了文献中关于外来入侵物种的负面影响的普遍共识外，直到最近，世界许多地方才开始量化生物入侵造成的本地物种的减少。然而，外来物种的建立和增殖与本地物种的灭绝之间的因果关系很少得到证明。我们对地中海型生态系统（MTEs）的研究进行了荟萃分析，以研究：（1）外来植物物种的入侵是否确实导致了不同时空尺度上本地植物物种数量的减少;（2）哪些生长形式，栖息地类型和区域受入侵影响最大;（3）哪些类群对本地物种丰富度下降最负责任。我们的研究结果证实了外来入侵造成的本地物种丰富度的显着下降。在小尺度上进行的研究或在长时期内进行的抽样调查表明，外来入侵的影响比在大空间尺度和短时期内进行的研究更大。来自气候相似地区的外来物种的影响要大得多，南非和澳大利亚的本土物种丰富度在入侵后比欧洲地区下降得更多。南非的澳大利亚金合欢物种占本地物种丰富度下降最显着。在外来植物的不同生长形式中，一年生草本植物、乔木和藤本植物对本地群落的影响最大，而禾本科植物对本地群落的影响一般不大。灌木丛，老领域和沙丘植被的本地物种丰富度显着下降，相比之下，森林栖息地的微不足道的下降。
Besides a general consensus regarding the negative impact of invasive alien species in the literature, only recently has the decline of native species attributable to biological invasions begun to be quantified in many parts of the world. The cause-effect relationship between the establishment and proliferation of alien species and the extinction of native species is, however, seldom demonstrated. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) to examine: (1) whether invasion of alien plant species indeed causes a reduction in the number of native plant species at different spatial and temporal scales; (2) which growth forms, habitat types and areas are most affected by invasions; and (3) which taxa are most responsible for native species richness declines. Our results confirm a significant decline in native species richness attributable to alien invasions. Studies conducted at small scales or sampled over long periods reveal stronger impacts of alien invasion than those at large spatial scales and over short periods. Alien species from regions with similar climates have much stronger impacts, with the native species richness in South Africa and Australia declining significantly more post-invasion than for European sites. Australian Acacia species in South Africa accounted for the most significant declines in native species richness. Among the different growth forms of alien plants, annual herbs, trees and creepers had the greatest impact, whereas graminoids generally caused insignificant changes to the native community. Native species richness of shrublands, old fields and dune vegetation showed significant declines, in contrast to insignificant declines for forest habitats.