Host diet affects extinctions and colonizations in a parasitoid metapopulation
Host diet affects extinctions and colonizations in a parasitoid metapopulation
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寄主饮食影响寄生蜂集合种群的灭绝和定植
DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00365.x
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
I. Hanski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Nouhuys;I. Hanski
总结
1.在芬兰西南部的奥兰群岛，寄生蜂Cotesia melitaearum（Wilkonson）是Glanville贝母蝴蝶Melitaea cinxia（L.）的专家， 该菌以两种寄主植物车前草Plantago lanceolata（L.）和婆婆纳Veronica spicata（L.）.
2.利用1994- 1997年收集的蝴蝶和寄生蜂种群的广泛调查数据，研究了寄生蜂定殖和隔离与宿主种群隔离、宿主种群大小和宿主饮食（植物物种）的可能联系。
3.随着与其他寄生蜂种群隔离度的降低、寄主种群规模的增大和寄主幼虫在穗花委陵菜上所占比例的增大，寄生蜂定殖和寄主斑块占据的可能性增大。 随着寄主种群数量的减少和寄主比例的降低，寄生蜂种群灭绝的可能性增大。协会的模式是例外的高密度寄生虫种群的一个领域，以及在一年中的许多precentions，但很少殖民化。
4.在C. 而在以苜蓿为寄主植物时，寄主种群中被寄生的幼虫类群比例较高。如果同一寄主种群内两种寄主植物上都有寄主幼虫群，则穗花葡萄上的幼虫群更容易被寄生。
5.寄生蜂的大规模种群动态受蝴蝶两种寄主植物的分布、依赖寄主植物的寄生蜂行为和寄主蝴蝶产卵偏好的影响。
6.穗花葡萄明显优于白葡萄的可能原因。 melitaearum作为寄主的寄主植物进行了讨论。这些包括主机幼虫群体的大小，幼虫的网站结构，植物空间聚集，植物化学，和主机幼虫的生理和物候。
Summary
1. In the Aland islands of SW Finland, the parasitoid Cotesia melitaearum (Wilkonson) is a specialist on the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia (L.), which uses two host plants, Plantago lanceolata (L.) and Veronica spicata (L.).
2. Extensive survey data on the butterfly and parasitoid populations collected in 1994–97 were used to examine possible associations of parasitoid colonizations and extinctions, with host population isolation, host population size, and host diet (plant species).
3. The likelihoods of parasitoid colonization and host patch occupancy were found to increase with decreasing isolation from other parasitoid populations, increasing host population size and an increasing fraction of host larvae on V. spicata. The likelihood of parasitoid population extinction increased with decreasing host population size and decreasing fraction of hosts on V. spicata. The pattern of association was exceptional in one area of high-density parasitoid populations as well as during a year of many extinctions but few colonizations.
4. Among host populations occupied by C. melitaearum, the fraction of host larval groups parasitized was higher in host populations using the more rare host plant, V. spicata. If host larval groups were present on both host plant species within one host population, then the larval groups on V. spicata were more likely to be parasitized.
5. The large-scale population dynamics of the parasitoid wasp are influenced by the distribution of the two host plants of the butterfly, by host-plant-dependent parasitoid behaviour and by host butterfly oviposition preference.
6. Possible explanations for the apparent superiority of V. spicata for C. melitaearum as the host butterfly's host plant are discussed. These include host larval group size, larval web structure, plant spatial aggregation, plant chemistry, and host larval physiology and phenology.