Unique N170 signatures to words and faces in deaf ASL signers reflect experience-specific adaptations during early visual processing.
Unique N170 signatures to words and faces in deaf ASL signers reflect experience-specific adaptations during early visual processing.
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聋人 ASL 手语者对单词和面部的独特 N170 签名反映了早期视觉处理过程中特定体验的适应。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107414
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Behrmann,Marlene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sehyr,ZedSevcikova;Midgley,KatherineJ;Holcomb,PhillipJ;Emmorey,Karen;Plaut,DavidC;Behrmann,Marlene
之前对失聪成年人的研究报告称，与听力正常的成年人相比，N170 波形对视觉单词的不对称性减少，这一发现归因于左半球颞区的语音映射减少。一个悬而未决的问题仍然是，这种模式是否确实是由于聋哑人的语音处理减少或视觉处理中的一般神经生物学适应造成的。聋哑 ASL 手语者和听力正常的非手语者通过视觉呈现的单词、面孔或汽车执行相同或不同的辨别任务，同时记录头皮脑电图，时间锁定在每对中第一个项目的开始时间。对于单词识别，复制了听力正常的参与者中典型的左侧化 N170 和聋哑参与者中减少的左侧不对称性。各组在单词辨别方面没有差异，但只有聋哑参与者的右半球 N170 越大，拼写能力越好。两组人脸识别均具有独特的 N170 签名，聋哑人表现出卓越的人脸辨别能力。偏侧性或辨别能力的影响并没有推广到 N170 对汽车的反应，这证实了聋人手语者在对单词的电生理反应中本质上并不是偏侧性较小，而且更重要的是，这为语音映射假说提供了支持。与听力正常的参与者相比，聋哑参与者的 P1 减弱，但在两组中，P1 选择性地区分高度学习的熟悉物体（单词和面孔）与不太熟悉的物体（汽车）。单词和面部的独特电生理特征反映了对单词和面部的经验驱动的适应，但不能推广到物体识别。
Previous studies with deaf adults reported reduced N170 waveform asymmetry to visual words, a finding attributed to reduced phonological mapping in left-hemisphere temporal regions compared to hearing adults. An open question remains whether this pattern indeed results from reduced phonological processing or from general neurobiological adaptations in visual processing of deaf individuals. Deaf ASL signers and hearing nonsigners performed a same-different discrimination task with visually presented words, faces, or cars, while scalp EEG time-locked to the onset of the first item in each pair was recorded. For word recognition, the typical left-lateralized N170 in hearing participants and reduced left-sided asymmetry in deaf participants were replicated. The groups did not differ on word discrimination but better orthographic skill was associated with larger N170 in the right hemisphere only for deaf participants. Face recognition was characterized by unique N170 signatures for both groups, and deaf individuals exhibited superior face discrimination performance. Laterality or discrimination performance effects did not generalize to the N170 responses to cars, confirming that deaf signers are not inherently less lateralized in their electrophysiological responses to words and critically, giving support to the phonological mapping hypothesis. P1 was attenuated for deaf participants compared to the hearing, but in both groups, P1 selectively discriminated between highly learned familiar objects – words and faces versus less familiar objects – cars. The distinct electrophysiological signatures to words and faces reflected experience-driven adaptations to words and faces that do not generalize to object recognition.