Growth properties and biomass production in the hybrid C4 crop Sorghum bicolor.
Growth properties and biomass production in the hybrid C4 crop Sorghum bicolor.
复制标题
杂交 C4 作物双色高粱的生长特性和生物量生产。
DOI：
10.1093/pcp/pcv158
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
T. et al.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tazoe;Y.;Endo;T. et al.
杂种优势（杂种优势）已被用作作物改良的育种技术，以实现提高的生物量生产，但杂种优势的生理机制仍然知之甚少。本研究系统研究了高粱杂种优势对高粱生长速率和光合效率的影响，以期为高粱杂种优势提高生物产量提供理论依据。Moench cv. Tentaka]及其亲本（恢复系和保持系）。Tentaka的最终生物量是亲本的10-14倍，但在营养生长阶段的相对生长速率没有差异。Tentaka表现出相对较大的叶面积与较低的叶氮含量每叶面积（Narea）。在不同氮素水平下水培时，单位叶面积CO2日同化量（A）随N面积的增加而增加，低氮水平下植株的A/N面积（N利用效率）较高，但Tentaka与亲本无显著差异。Tentaka与亲本的CO2同化率、光合酶（包括核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶和丙酮酸磷酸二激酶）、叶绿素和氮含量之间的关系没有显著差异。因此，Tentaka往往表现出扩大叶面积与较低的N含量，导致较高的N-利用效率的CO2同化，但光合性能没有差异。Tentaka的生物量较大主要是由于营养生长期延长。
Hybrid vigor (heterosis) has been used as a breeding technique for crop improvement to achieve enhanced biomass production, but the physiological mechanisms underlying heterosis remain poorly understood. In this study, to find a clue to the enhancement of biomass production by heterosis, we systemically evaluated the effect of heterosis on the growth rate and photosynthetic efficiency in sorghum hybrid [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench cv. Tentaka] and its parental lines (restorer line and maintainer line). The final biomass of Tentaka was 10–14 times greater than that of the parental lines grown in an experimental field, but the relative growth rate during the vegetative growth stage did not differ. Tentaka exhibited a relatively enlarged leaf area with lower leaf nitrogen content per leaf area (Narea). When the plants were grown hydroponically at different N levels, daily CO2assimilation per leaf area (A) increased withNarea, and the ratio ofAtoNarea(N-use efficiency) was higher in the plants grown at low N levels but not different between Tentaka and the parental lines. The relationships between the CO2assimilation rate, the amounts of photosynthetic enzymes, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate phosphate dikinase, Chl andNareadid not differ between Tentaka and the parental lines. Thus, Tentaka tended to exhibit enlargement of leaf area with lower N content, leading to a higher N-use efficiency for CO2assimilation, but the photosynthetic properties did not differ. The greater biomass in Tentaka was mainly due to the prolonged vegetative growth period.