Amorphous entangled active matter
Amorphous entangled active matter
复制标题
非晶态缠结活性物质
DOI：
10.1039/d2sm01573k
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Goldman, Daniel I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Savoie, William;Tuazon, Harry;Tiwari, Ishant;Bhamla, M. Saad;Goldman, Daniel I.
无定形纠缠系统的设计，特别是从软材料和活性材料，有可能打开令人兴奋的新类别的活性，形状变化，和任务能力的“智能”材料。然而，从单个粒子的局部相互作用中产生的全局涌现机制还没有得到很好的理解。在这项研究中，我们研究了无定形纠缠系统的涌现特性，在硅收集的u形粒子（“smartphones”）和生活纠缠聚集体的蠕虫斑点（L。variegatus）。在模拟中，我们研究了材料属性如何变化的集体组成的smarts，因为他们经历了不同的强制协议。我们比较了三种控制集体纠缠的方法：系综的外部振荡，所有个体的突然形状变化，以及所有个体的持续内部振荡。我们发现，大幅度的变化的颗粒的形状使用的形状变化的程序产生最大的平均纠缠数，相对于纵横比（l/w），从而提高了集体的拉伸强度。我们展示了这些模拟的应用程序，显示如何在一个斑点的个别蠕虫活动可以通过周围的溶解氧在水中控制，导致复杂的新兴性质的生活纠缠集体，如固体般的纠缠和翻滚。我们的工作揭示了未来形状调节，潜在的软机器人系统可能动态改变其材料特性的原理，推进了我们对生活纠缠材料的理解，同时激发了新的合成新兴超级材料。
The design of amorphous entangled systems, specifically from soft and active materials, has the potential to open exciting new classes of active, shape-shifting, and task-capable ‘smart’ materials. However, the global emergent mechanics that arise from the local interactions of individual particles are not well understood. In this study, we examine the emergent properties of amorphous entangled systems in an in silico collection of u-shaped particles (“smarticles”) and in living entangled aggregate of worm blobs (L. variegatus). In simulations, we examine how material properties change for a collective composed of smarticles as they undergo different forcing protocols. We compare three methods of controlling entanglement in the collective: external oscillations of the ensemble, sudden shape-changes of all individuals, and sustained internal oscillations of all individuals. We find that large-amplitude changes of the particle's shape using the shape-change procedure produce the largest average number of entanglements, with respect to the aspect ratio (l/w), thus improving the tensile strength of the collective. We demonstrate applications of these simulations by showing how the individual worm activity in a blob can be controlled through the ambient dissolved oxygen in water, leading to complex emergent properties of the living entangled collective, such as solid-like entanglement and tumbling. Our work reveals principles by which future shape-modulating, potentially soft robotic systems may dynamically alter their material properties, advancing our understanding of living entangled materials, while inspiring new classes of synthetic emergent super-materials.