The economic value of shark-diving tourism in Australia
The economic value of shark-diving tourism in Australia
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DOI：
10.1007/s11160-017-9486-x
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Vianna, Gabriel M. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huveneers, Charlie;Meekan, Mark G.;Vianna, Gabriel M. S.
鲨鱼潜水是海洋野生动物旅游这一快速发展产业的一部分。我们的研究旨在通过对鲸鲨（Rhincodon typus）、白鲨（Carcharodon carcharias）、灰护士鲨（carcharias taurus）和礁鲨（Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos和Triaenodon obesus）潜水产业的全面调查，采用标准化方法，对澳大利亚鲨鱼潜水旅游的经济价值进行估计。2013年3月至2014年6月期间，一项针对潜水游客的社会经济调查收集了潜水期间与住宿、交通、生活费用和其他相关活动相关的支出信息。四个行业共完成了711项旅游调查，据保守估计，澳大利亚鲨鱼潜水者每年的直接支出总额为2550万澳元。在林肯港和宁格鲁礁地区，白鲨和鲸鲨潜水业提供的额外支出分别为810万澳元和1250万澳元。与大白鲨一起潜水的国际游客在澳大利亚期间还在机票和其他活动上花费了90万美元。这些额外的收入表明，这种类型的旅游的经济价值不仅流向该行业，而且还遍布其所在地区。这突出表明，有必要通过对鲨鱼与潜水员之间的相互作用进行适当的管理，并对其赖以生存的物种进行生物管理，确保潜水旅游业的可持续发展。我们的研究还提供了标准化的估计，以便将来对国家内部或国家之间其他野生动物旅游业（不限于鲨鱼）的规模进行比较。
Shark-diving is part of a rapidly growing industry focused on marine wildlife tourism. Our study aimed to provide an estimate of the economic value of shark-diving tourism across Australia by comprehensively surveying the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus), and reef shark (mostly Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and Triaenodon obesus) diving industries using a standardised approach. A socio-economic survey targeted tourist divers between March 2013 and June 2014 and collected information on expenditures related to diving, accommodation, transport, living costs, and other related activities during divers' trips. A total of 711 tourist surveys were completed across the four industries, with the total annual direct expenditure by shark divers in Australia estimated conservatively at $25.5 M. Additional expenditure provided by the white-shark and whale-shark-diving industries totalled $8.1 and $12.5 M for the Port Lincoln and Ningaloo Reef regions respectively. International tourists diving with white sharks also expended another $0.9 M in airfares and other activities while in Australia. These additional revenues show that the economic value of this type of tourism do not flow solely to the industry, but are also spread across the region where it is hosted. This highlights the need to ensure a sustainable dive-tourism industry through adequate management of both shark-diver interactions and biological management of the species on which it is based. Our study also provides standardised estimates which allow for future comparison of the scale of other wildlife tourism industries (not limited to sharks) within or among countries.