Incompressible active phases at an interface. Part 1. Formulation and axisymmetric odd flows

Incompressible active phases at an interface. Part 1. Formulation and axisymmetric odd flows
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界面处不可压缩的活性相。

DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2022.856
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Shelley, Michael J.
Shelley, Michael J.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jia, Leroy L.;Irvine, William T.M.;Shelley, Michael J.

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受到最近实现的二维 (2-D) 手性流体作为在 3-D 斯托克斯流体顶部移动的活性单层液滴的启发,我们以数学方式公式化了其自由边界动力学。表面液滴被描述为一般的二维线性、不可压缩和各向同性流体,具有粘性剪切应力、主动手性驱动应力和由于缺乏时间反转对称性而允许的霍尔应力。液滴通过其驱动的内部力学和底层 3-D 斯托克斯相中的驱动流与自身相互作用。我们使用 3-D Stokes 方程从表面应力到表面速度的映射,将动力学视为液滴表面奇异积分微分方程的解。针对轴对称液滴的情况,手性表面流的精确表示以奇异积分方程的解的形式给出,并使用分析和数值技术求解。对于盘形单层,我们还采用了半解析解决方案,该解决方案取决于贝塞尔函数的正交基础,并允许有效计算单层速度场,其范围从近固体旋转到单向边缘电流,具体取决于次相深度和萨夫曼-德尔布吕克长度。除了近壁极限之外,这些解决方案在液滴边界处具有发散的表面剪切应力,这是嵌入 3D 介质中的余维一域系统的特征。我们进一步研究了霍尔粘度(它耦合径向和横向表面速度分量)对闭合腔动力学的影响。即使在没有边缘张力的情况下,霍尔应力也会驱动向内的径向运动。
Inspired by the recent realization of a two-dimensional (2-D) chiral fluid as an active monolayer droplet moving atop a 3-D Stokesian fluid, we formulate mathematically its free-boundary dynamics. The surface droplet is described as a general 2-D linear, incompressible and isotropic fluid, having a viscous shear stress, an active chiral driving stress and a Hall stress allowed by the lack of time-reversal symmetry. The droplet interacts with itself through its driven internal mechanics and by driving flows in the underlying 3-D Stokes phase. We pose the dynamics as the solution to a singular integral–differential equation, over the droplet surface, using the mapping from surface stress to surface velocity for the 3-D Stokes equations. Specializing to the case of axisymmetric droplets, exact representations for the chiral surface flow are given in terms of solutions to a singular integral equation, solved using both analytical and numerical techniques. For a disc-shaped monolayer, we additionally employ a semi-analytical solution that hinges on an orthogonal basis of Bessel functions and allows for efficient computation of the monolayer velocity field, which ranges from a nearly solid-body rotation to a unidirectional edge current, depending on the subphase depth and the Saffman–Delbrück length. Except in the near-wall limit, these solutions have divergent surface shear stresses at droplet boundaries, a signature of systems with codimension-one domains embedded in a 3-D medium. We further investigate the effect of a Hall viscosity, which couples radial and transverse surface velocity components, on the dynamics of a closing cavity. Hall stresses are seen to drive inward radial motion, even in the absence of edge tension.
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