Evaluating dispersal potential of an invasive fish by the use of aerobic scope and osmoregulation capacity.
Evaluating dispersal potential of an invasive fish by the use of aerobic scope and osmoregulation capacity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0176038
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Christensen EAF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Behrens JW;van Deurs M;Christensen EAF
非本地物种会影响海洋生物多样性和生态系统的结构和功能。一旦引入一个新的区域，二次扩散受到生物体与周围环境的生理学关系以及一系列生态因素（如捕食者、竞争者和寄生虫）之间复杂相互作用的限制。对扩散潜力和未来“影响区”的早期预测具有挑战性，但也是采取适当管理行动的一项重要资产。鱼类的好氧范围（AS）与各种适合度相关的参数有关，并且可能在确定水生入侵物种在新环境中的扩散潜力方面具有价值。黑口新虎鱼（Neogobius melanostomus）是欧洲和北美最广泛的入侵鱼类之一，目前在半咸水和淡水中茁壮成长，但其在高盐度沃茨中生存的能力迄今尚不清楚。我们发现，AS在圆虾虎鱼减少了30%，血浆渗透压增加在接近海洋条件的盐度下，在缓慢斜升（每周5 PSU）和随后长期适应范围在0和30 PSU之间的盐度（在血浆渗透压测量之前在最终处理盐度下8天，在呼吸测定之前另外12-20天）之后，在接近海洋条件的盐度下，在缓慢斜升（每周5 PSU）和随后长期适应范围在0和30 PSU之间的盐度（在血浆渗透压测量之前在最终处理盐度下8天，在呼吸测定之前另外12-20天）下，在血浆渗透压测量之前，在最终处理盐度下8天。在最高盐度下，存活率也降低，但在30 PSU下有相当大比例（61%）的鱼存活。在最高盐度的生理性能降低可能会影响海洋条件下的生长和竞争能力，但在何种程度上减少AS和CO2调节能力将减缓目前的30公里年-1的物种通过陡峭的盐度梯度从咸波罗的海到海洋北海的前进速度仍然是推测。一个意想不到的自然实验正在进行中，以测试前进的速度是否会减慢。按照目前的发展速度，该物种将于2018/2019年到达北海，因此采取预防措施的时间很短。
Non-indigenous species (NIS) can impact marine biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function. Once introduced into a new region, secondary dispersal is limited by the physiology of the organism in relation to the ambient environment and by complex interactions between a suite of ecological factors such as presence of predators, competitors, and parasites. Early prediction of dispersal potential and future ‘area of impact’ is challenging, but also a great asset in taking appropriate management actions. Aerobic scope (AS) in fish has been linked to various fitness-related parameters, and may be valuable in determining dispersal potential of aquatic invasive species in novel environments. Round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, one of the most wide-ranging invasive fish species in Europe and North America, currently thrives in brackish and fresh water, but its ability to survive in high salinity waters is unknown to date. We show that AS in round goby is reduced by 30% and blood plasma osmolality increased (indicating reduced capacity for osmoregulation) at salinities approaching oceanic conditions, following slow ramping (5 PSU per week) and subsequent long-term acclimation to salinities ranging between 0 and 30 PSU (8 days at final treatment salinities before blood plasma osmolality measurements, 12–20 additional days before respirometry). Survival was also reduced at the highest salinities yet a significant proportion (61%) of the fish survived at 30 PSU. Reduced physiological performance at the highest salinities may affect growth and competitive ability under oceanic conditions, but to what extent reduced AS and osmoregulatory capacity will slow the current 30 km year-1 rate of advance of the species through the steep salinity gradient from the brackish Baltic Sea and into the oceanic North Sea remains speculative. An unintended natural experiment is in progress to test whether the rate of advance slows down. At the current rate of advance the species will reach the oceanic North Sea by 2018/2019, therefore time for taking preventative action is short.