Characteristics of low-level smokers
Characteristics of low-level smokers
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DOI：
10.1080/14622200500125369
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Cummings, KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hyland, A;Rezaishiraz, H;Cummings, KM
平均每日香烟消费量有所下降，一些证据表明，“某一天”吸烟的比率有所增加;然而，对低水平吸烟者的了解相对较少。目前的分析描述和比较低水平与较重的吸烟者，使用横截面和纵向数据。在这项分析中使用了社区戒烟干预试验（COMMIT）的数据。1988年和1993年在22个北美社区进行了以人口为基础的横截面烟草使用电话调查，并报告了1993年流行率调查中低水平吸烟的流行率和特征以及戒烟原因。此外，在1988年确定了一个6,603名吸烟者的队列，并在1993年和2001年再次进行了访谈，以评估低水平吸烟的模式及其与戒烟的关系。1988年，7.6%的人是低水平吸烟者; 1993年，10.7%的人是低水平吸烟者。与重度吸烟者相比，低水平吸烟者更有可能是女性，年龄较大，未婚，黑人或西班牙裔;拥有4年大学学位;家中没有其他成年吸烟者;并且在一天中等待更长时间才有第一支烟。低水平的吸烟者也不太可能报告试图戒烟，因为吸烟的费用或医生的建议戒烟。他们更有可能尝试戒烟，因为他们想树立一个好榜样;担心二手烟;以及口臭、气味或吸烟的味道等因素。那些吸烟全价高档品牌和在完全无烟的工作场所工作的人更有可能是低水平吸烟者。与重度吸烟者相比，低水平吸烟者未来尝试戒烟的比例相似，尼古丁替代疗法的使用率较低，戒烟率较高。低水平吸烟者可能是吸烟人群中越来越多的一部分，与吸烟量较大的吸烟者相比，他们具有不同的特征，健康风险和干预需求。
Average daily cigarette consumption has decreased, and some evidence suggests that the rate of "some day" smoking has increased; however, relatively little is known about low-level smokers. The present analysis describes and compares low-level versus heavier smokers, using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Data from the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) were used in this analysis. Population-based cross-sectional tobacco use telephone surveys were performed in 22 North American communities in 1988 and 1993, and the prevalence and characteristics of low-level smoking and reasons for quitting are reported from the 1993 prevalence survey. In addition, a cohort of 6,603 smokers was identified in 1988 and interviewed again in 1993 and 2001 to assess patterns of low-level smoking over time and its association with smoking cessation. In 1988, 7.6% were low-level smokers; in 1993, 10.7% were low-level smokers. Compared with heavier smokers, low-level smokers were more likely to be female, older, not married, Black or Hispanic; to have a 4-year college degree; to have no other adult smokers in the household; and to wait longer in the day to have their first cigarette. Low-level smokers also were less likely to report trying to quit because of the expense of smoking or physician advice to quit. They were more likely to try to quit because of trying to set a good example; concern for second-hand smoke; and factors such as bad breath, smell, or the taste of smoking. Those who smoked full-priced premium brands and who worked in a completely smoke-free worksite were more likely to be low-level smokers. Compared with heavier smokers, low-level smokers had similar rates of making a future quit attempt, lower use rates of nicotine replacement therapy, and higher cessation rates. Low-level smokers may be a growing segment of the smoker population and have different characteristics, health risks, and intervention needs compared with their heavier smoking counterparts.