One person's eu-topia, another's hell: Climate Camp as a heterotopia
One person's eu-topia, another's hell: Climate Camp as a heterotopia
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一个人的乌托邦，另一个人的地狱：气候营作为一个异托邦
DOI：
10.1080/09644010802624850
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Stephan Price
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Saunders;Stephan Price
气候营，或者更准确地说，气候行动营，几乎已经成为英国环境运动中的一个机构。它是从直接行动网络发展而来的，其中最著名的是 2005 年反 G8 抗议活动在斯特灵聚集的网络，这些网络越来越意识到，面对“清洁”煤炭和机场扩建的政策推动，需要解决紧迫的气候变化问题。作为回应，活动人士组织并建立了三个广为人知的为期一周的营地，重点关注针对碳密集型基础设施的直接行动：欧洲最大的燃煤发电站德拉克斯（2006年）、希思罗机场（2007年）和肯特郡的金斯诺斯燃煤发电站（2008年）。尽管这三个基础设施项目一直是难民营的主要焦点，但在难民营之外也同时发生了分散的自治行动。其目标不仅是促进出于防止灾难性气候变化的愿望而采取的直接行动，而且是成为可持续生活的典范和替代教育的场所。因此，该营地表现为一个露营地，聚集了 800 至 2000 名新手和经验丰富的活动人士。它按照生态和无政府主义原则运行，充满共识决策、直接行动培训和教育研讨会。第四个目标是“运动建设”，这是 2008 年夏令营的新目标。尽管有这些共同的目标，气候营员们远非一个同质的团体。几乎在所有意义上，气候营都是一个异托邦（Hetherington 1997，第 41 页）。这是一个另类社会秩序的空间，参与者通过它寻求从根本上重新想象和创造一个理想化的社会：一个乌托邦，或“好地方”（Hetherington 1997，p.viii）。与所有异托邦一样，它是
Climate Camp, or, more properly, the Camp for Climate Action, has almost become an institution within the UK’s environmental movement. It developed from direct action networks, most prominently those brought together at Stirling by the anti-G8 protest in 2005, networks which increasingly realised the need to tackle the urgent issue of climate change in the face of policy promotion of ‘clean’ coal and airport expansion. In response, activists have organised and set up three well-publicised week-long camps focused on direct action targeted against carbon-intensive infrastructures: Drax, the largest coalfired power station in Europe (2006), Heathrow airport (2007) and Kingsnorth coal-fired power station in Kent (2008). Although these three infrastructural projects have been the main foci of the Camps, simultaneous, decentralised autonomous actions have taken place outside of the Camps. The objective has not only been to facilitate direct action motivated by a desire to prevent catastrophic climate change, but also to be an exemplar of sustainable living and a site for alternative education. Thus, the Camp manifests itself as a campsite that brings together between 800 and 2000 novice and experienced activists. It is run according to ecological and anarchist principles, replete with consensus decision-making, direct action training and educational workshops. A fourth objective, that of ‘movement building’, was new for the 2008 Camp. Despite these shared objectives, Climate Campers are far from being a homogenous group. In almost every sense, the Climate Camp is a heterotopia (Hetherington 1997, p. 41). It is a space of alternative social ordering through which participants seek to radically re-imagine and create an idealised society: a eutopia, or ‘good place’ (Hetherington 1997, p. viii). As with all heterotopia, it is