The development of behavioural sex differences in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
The development of behavioural sex differences in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02557462
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Dixson, AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, GR;Dixson, AF
对幼年恒河猴的研究普遍表明，某些行为模式的表达频率存在性别差异，例如打闹游戏和社会性行为。相比之下，其他行为模式中的性别差异，例如与母亲的亲近程度，却没有得到一致的报道。利用生活在圈养社会群体中的幼年恒河猴的行为发育数据，我们试图为行为性别差异提供进一步的证据，并调查母亲等级和胎次对婴儿行为性别差异和母婴互动的可能影响。研究人员对 14 名男婴和 20 名女婴及其母亲在出生后前六个月的行为进行了研究，包括游戏行为、社会性行为和母婴互动的测量。我们的数据显示，平均而言，男婴比女婴表现出更多的打闹游戏和攀爬行为，并且比女婴更频繁地表现出固定游戏、追逐游戏和主动游戏。这种性别差异在猕猴中似乎很明显，并且在各种饲养条件下都有报道。男性和女性婴儿在与母亲保持特定距离的时间上没有差异，并且没有发现母亲对儿子和女儿的行为有所不同，包括使用限制、拒绝和梳理等措施。这些结果与之前对单独饲养的母婴对的研究形成鲜明对比，但与对自由放养种群的研究相似。母亲对婴儿的行为确实有所不同，具体取决于母亲的等级和以前的后代数量。这些母性特征可能对雄性和雌性灵长类婴儿的行为发育产生重大影响。
Studies of infant rhesus macaques have generally reported sex differences in the frequency of expression of some behaviour patterns, such as rough-and-tumble play and socio-sexual mounting. In contrast, sex differences in other behaviour patterns, such as proximity to the mother, have been less consistantly reported. Using data on the behavioural development of infant rhesus macaques living in captive social groups, we have attempted to provide further evidence for, or against, sex differences in behaviour and to investigate the possible influence of maternal rank and parity on sex differences in infant behaviour and mother-infant interactions. The behaviour of 14 male and 20 female infants and their mothers was studied during the first six months of life, including measures of play behaviour, socio-sexual mounting, and mother-infant interactions. Our data reveal that, on average, male infants exhibited more rough-and-tumble play and mounting than female infants, and also exhibited stationary play, chasing play, and initiated play more frequently than females. Such sex differences appear to be robust in macaques and have been reported in a variety of housing conditions. Male and female infants did not differ in the amount of time spent at particular distances from their mothers, and mothers were not found to behave differently towards sons and daughters, using measures of restraint, rejection, and grooming. These results are in contrast to previous studies on singly-housed mother-infant pairs but similar to those on free-ranging populations. Mothers did behave differently towards their infants depending upon the mother's rank and previous number of offspring. These maternal characteristics may have significant consequences for the behavioural development of both male and female infant primates.