Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers.
Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.b2939
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发表时间：
2009-08-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tyndall MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shannon K;Kerr T;Strathdee SA;Shoveller J;Montaner JS;Tyndall MW
目的探讨卖淫犯罪环境中针对女性性工作者的基于性别的暴力行为的流行率和结构相关性。设计前瞻性观察性研究。故事背景：2006-2008年，加拿大温哥华。参与者14岁或14岁以上的女性性工作者(包括变性妇女)，她们使用非法药物(不包括大麻)并从事街面性工作。主要结果衡量自我报告的基于性别的暴力。结果应邀参加的267名女性性工作者中，251名女性回到研究室并同意参与(应答率为94%)。分析基于237名女性性工作者，她们完成了一次基线访问和至少一次后续访问。在这237名女性性工作者中，57%的人在18个月的随访期内经历了基于性别的暴力。在调整了个人和人际风险做法的多变量模型中，下列结构性因素与针对女性性工作者的暴力行为独立相关：无家可归(身体暴力的调整优势比(AOR)2.14，95%可信区间1.34至3.43；强奸的调整优势比(AOR)1.73，1.09至3.12)；无法获得药物治疗(当事人暴力的调整优势比(AOR)2.13，1.26至3.62；aOR身体暴力1.96，1.03至3.43)；在汽车或公共场所向顾客提供服务(1.50，1.08至2.57)；被警察殴打(3.45，1.98至6.02；强奸2.61，1.32至5.16)；被警察没收吸毒工具而未予逮捕(1.50，1.02至2.41)；以及因治安原因将工作场所远离主要街道(2.13，1.26至3.62)。结论我们的结果显示了针对女性性工作者的基于性别的暴力的普遍程度令人震惊。犯罪化、无家可归和缺乏药物治疗等结构性因素与针对街头女性性工作者的基于性别的暴力行为独立相关。社会法律政策改革，改善获得住房和毒品治疗的机会，以及扩大暴力预防努力，包括警察与性工作者的伙伴关系，对于制止针对女性性工作者的暴力行为至关重要。
Objective To examine the prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence against female sex workers in an environment of criminalised prostitution. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Vancouver, Canada during 2006-8. Participants Female sex workers 14 years of age or older (inclusive of transgender women) who used illicit drugs (excluding marijuana) and engaged in street level sex work. Main outcome measure Self reported gender based violence. Results Of 267 female sex workers invited to participate, 251 women returned to the study office and consented to participate (response rate of 94%). Analyses were based on 237 female sex workers who completed a baseline visit and at least one follow-up visit. Of these 237 female sex workers, 57% experienced gender based violence over an 18 month follow-up period. In multivariate models adjusted for individual and interpersonal risk practices, the following structural factors were independently correlated with violence against female sex workers: homelessness (adjusted odds ratio for physical violence (aORphysicalviolence) 2.14, 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 3.43; adjusted odds ratio for rape (aORrape) 1.73, 1.09 to 3.12); inability to access drug treatment (adjusted odds ratio for client violence (aORclientviolence) 2.13, 1.26 to 3.62; aORphysicalviolence 1.96, 1.03 to 3.43); servicing clients in cars or public spaces (aORclientviolence 1.50, 1.08 to 2.57); prior assault by police (aORclientviolence 3.45, 1.98 to 6.02; aORrape 2.61, 1.32 to 5.16); confiscation of drug use paraphernalia by police without arrest (aORphysicalviolence 1.50, 1.02 to 2.41); and moving working areas away from main streets owing to policing (aORclientviolence 2.13, 1.26 to 3.62). Conclusions Our results demonstrate an alarming prevalence of gender based violence against female sex workers. The structural factors of criminalisation, homelessness, and poor availability of drug treatment independently correlated with gender based violence against street based female sex workers. Socio-legal policy reforms, improved access to housing and drug treatment, and scale up of violence prevention efforts, including police-sex worker partnerships, will be crucial to stemming violence against female sex workers.
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DOI：
10.1080/713613193
发表时间：
1997-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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DOI：
10.1080/09540120701561270
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Shannon, K.;Kerr, T.;Tyndall, M. W.
通讯作者：
Tyndall, M. W.