Ecosystem remodelling among vertebrates at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Russia
Ecosystem remodelling among vertebrates at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Russia
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DOI：
10.1038/nature02950
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发表时间：
2004-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Surkov, MV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benton, MJ;Tverdokhlebov, VP;Surkov, MV
2.51亿年前二叠纪-三叠纪边界的大灭绝被认为是有记录以来最严重的生命损失（1-3）。全球数据汇编表明，在海洋（1,2,4）和陆地（2,5）中，有50%的科或更多的科消失了，根据稀疏分析，这些数字相当于80 - 96%的物种消失了（6,7）。这种程度的损失得到了当地和区域尺度的海洋研究的证实（3,8），但是陆地记录很难进行如此细致的分析。在这里，我们通过对来自南乌拉尔盆地13个连续地质时区289个地点的675个两栖动物和爬行动物标本的全面调查，记录了俄罗斯事件的性质。这些多样性和周转的变化不能简单地用抽样效应来解释。随着小型食鱼动物和食虫动物、中型和大型食草动物和大型食肉动物的消失，属和科的大量消失，生态系统简化。动物动态也发生了变化，从晚二叠纪的高更替率到早三叠纪的低多样性更稳定。即使在15亿美元的生态系统重建之后，一些行会仍然明显缺席——小型食鱼动物、小型食虫动物、大型食草动物和顶级食肉动物。
The mass extinction at the Permian - Triassic boundary, 251 million years (Myr) ago, is accepted as the most profound loss of life on record(1-3). Global data compilations indicate a loss of 50% of families or more, both in the sea(1,2,4) and on land(2,5), and these figures scale to a loss of 80 - 96% of species, based on rarefaction analyses(6,7). This level of loss is confirmed by local and regional-scale studies of marine sections(3,8), but the terrestrial record has been harder to analyse in such close detail. Here we document the nature of the event in Russia in a comprehensive survey of 675 specimens of amphibians and reptiles from 289 localities spanning 13 successive geological time zones in the South Urals basin. These changes in diversity and turnover cannot be explained simply by sampling effects. There was a profound loss of genera and families, and simplification of ecosystems, with the loss of small fish-eaters and insect-eaters, medium and large herbivores and large carnivores. Faunal dynamics also changed, from high rates of turnover through the Late Permian period to greater stability at low diversity through the Early Triassic period. Even after 15 Myr of ecosystem rebuilding, some guilds were apparently still absent - small fish-eaters, small insect-eaters, large herbivores and top carnivores.