The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells and in the Immune Response.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulatory T Cells and in the Immune Response.
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DOI：
10.4110/in.2011.11.1.11
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发表时间：
2011-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Ha TY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ha TY
microRNA（miRNA）的发现是近年来的重大科学突破之一，它彻底改变了当前的细胞生物学和医学科学。miRNAs是一类长度为19~ 25 nt的非编码小RNA分子，通过靶向特异性信使RNA（mRNAs）的3'非翻译区（3' UTR）降解翻译抑制而在转录后调节基因表达。miRNA机制的基因消融，以及某些单个miRNA的丢失或降解，严重损害免疫发育和应答，并可导致免疫紊乱。几种复杂的调节机制用于维持免疫稳态。调节性T（Treg）细胞对于维持外周耐受、预防自身免疫性疾病和限制慢性炎性疾病是必不可少的。最近的出版物提供了令人信服的证据表明，miRNA在Treg细胞中高度表达，Foxp 3的表达受miRNA控制，并且一系列miRNA参与免疫调节。大量的研究报道了miRNA稳态改变与病理条件如癌症、心血管疾病和糖尿病以及精神和神经疾病之间的联系。虽然目前还不清楚miRNA如何控制Treg细胞的发育和功能，但最近的研究肯定表明，这一主题将成为进一步研究的主题。特异性循环miRNA种类也可用于疾病的诊断、分类、预后和治疗反应的预测。一个爆炸性的文献集中在miRNA的作用。本文就miRNAs在Treg细胞中的作用以及在先天性和适应性免疫应答中的作用作一综述。本文还综述了目前miRNA在临床应用方面的研究进展。
The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) is one of the major scientific breakthroughs in recent years and has revolutionized current cell biology and medical science. miRNAs are small (19~25nt) noncoding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for degradation of translation repression. Genetic ablation of the miRNA machinery, as well as loss or degradation of certain individual miRNAs, severely compromises immune development and response, and can lead to immune disorders. Several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms are used to maintain immune homeostasis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases and limiting chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent publications have provided compelling evidence that miRNAs are highly expressed in Treg cells, that the expression of Foxp3 is controlled by miRNAs and that a range of miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immunity. A large number of studies have reported links between alterations of miRNA homeostasis and pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, as well as psychiatric and neurological diseases. Although it is still unclear how miRNA controls Treg cell development and function, recent studies certainly indicate that this topic will be the subject of further research. The specific circulating miRNA species may also be useful for the diagnosis, classification, prognosis of diseases and prediction of the therapeutic response. An explosive literature has focussed on the role of miRNA. In this review, I briefly summarize the current studies about the role of miRNAs in Treg cells and in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. I also review the explosive current studies about clinical application of miRNA.